塔里木灌区棉花生长发育光热条件的分析  

An analysis on light and heat conditions for growth and development of cotton in Tarim irrigated area

作　　者：王建勋[1] 朱晓玲[2] 庞新安[1] 胡云喜 刘彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科技学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学经济与管理学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]新疆阿拉尔市气象局,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2006年第2期30-33,共4页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团课题项目"环塔里木盆地经济圈开发与建设问题研究"(05TJ08)

摘　　要：根据阿拉尔市气象局（原阿拉尔气象站）1961～2003年的气象资料，采用求平均值和五日滑动平均气温来确定某界限温度的初、终日期及其持续期活动积温。结果表明：塔里木灌区多年平均总日照时数2873．3h、日照百分率65％、棉花生长发育及产量构成关键期每天的日照时数平均都在9h以上，日平均气温值在25～30℃期间天数的多年平均值52d；日平均气温≥10℃的多年平均初、终日在4月1日和10月18日、持续天数201d、活动、1积温（∑t≥10℃）的多年平均值4112．3℃；日平均气温≥15℃的多年平均初、终日在4月24日和9月30日、李等续天数160d、活动积温（∑t≥15℃）的多年平均值3566．5℃。结论：灌区光照时间长短合适，总量十分优越，棉花生长后期天气晴朗，棉桃容易裂铃，有利于生产出色泽洁白、高品质的棉纤维；棉花安全生育期时间较长，热量条件较好，但秋温降低过快，吐絮期热量条件稍显不足，应多种植早熟品种。According to the meteorological data （1961～2003） from Alar Meteorological Bureau （formet Alar Meteorological Station）, the initial and final date and the accumulated temperature of certain boundary temperature have been counted by the methods of average value and 5-days gliding average val ue. The results show： In Tarim irrigated area, the annual average total sunshine time is 2 873.3 h, the sunshine percentage is 65% the daily average sunshine time in the key development period of cottons is above 9 h, and the period during which the daily average temperature is kept at 25～30 ℃ is 52 days; The initial and final date with ≥10℃ daily average temperature is April 1 and October 18 respectively, the duration period is 201 days, and the average value of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is 4 112.3℃; The initial and final date with ≥15℃ Cdaily average temperature is April 24 and September 30 respectively, the duration period is 160 days, and the average value of ≥15℃ accumulated temperature is 3 566.5 ℃. It is concluded that： In Tarim irrigated area, the length and amount of sunshine is very superior, and the weather in the late growth period of cotton is clear, being beneficial to the cracking of cotton bolls and the production of high quality cotton fiber ;The safe growth period of cotton is relatively long and the heat condition is good, but the temperature in autumn is lowered quickly and the quantity of heat during vomiting period is slightly insufficient, so it is necessary to plant early-ripening cultivars in this area.

关 键 词：棉花 生长发育 光热条件 塔里木 

分 类 号：S562.055[农业科学—作物学]