我国大陆型冰川消融特征分析  

The Characteristics of Ablation on Continental type Glaciers in CHina

作　　者：张寅生[1] 姚檀栋[1] 蒲健辰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所

出　　处：《冰川冻土》1996年第2期147-154,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

摘　　要：蒸发（升华）作用对我国大陆型冰川的消融具有重要意义。随着冰川分布的海拔升高，其发育的气候条件更加寒冷干燥，蒸发量在消融中所占比例呈增加趋势。大陆型冰川的消融与其表面的气温、湿度及风速密切相关，其融化耗热与蒸发耗热之比值（ＭＥ）为表征其消融的重要参数；随着ＭＥ比值减小，它对消融的影响增大且蒸发量在消融中的比重增加。依大陆型冰川的ＭＥ比值可将其消融划分为融化型、融化蒸发过渡型和蒸发型。Continental type glaciers are basic type glaciers developing in China and widely spread in Westren part of China, Which have characteristical ablation process. The evaporation (sublimation)takes an important role in the ablation on continental type glaciers in China. In the melting season, amount of evaporation (sublimation)takes 12% of the ablation on Glacier No.1 in the Headwaters of Urumqi River, Tianshan Mts; it takes 26 1% of the ablation on Dongkemadi Glacier in the Tanggula Mountains, Tibetan Plateau. THe annual amount of evaporation (sublimation)takes 27 8% of the ablation on Dongkemadii Glacier; the condensation is few on these glaciers. The daily mean ablation is related well to climatic parameters baove the continental type glacier. THe amount of ablation increases with air temperature; it decreases with vapour contant in the atmosphere. For the evaporation playing an important role in ablation, the wind speed works powerfully in the ablation process. The ratio of the energy for melting to that for evaporation ( ME ratio) is a parameter of ablation on the continental type glaciers. There is a very good relationship between the amount of ablation and Me ratio. According to the ME ration on the continental type glaciers, the ablation can be classificated as follows: ME >5.5, melting type; 2 0> ME <5 5,transition type; ME<2 0, evaporation type. This classification could be spreaded to the maritiime type glaciers and polar type glaciers. The ablation of continental type glaciers is different owing to different environment of theeir deveioping. Generally, the ME ratio on the continental type glaciers increases with altitute; the percentage of evaporation in amount of ablation has the same variation tendency.

关 键 词：中国 大陆 冰川 消融特征 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]