高层建筑火灾时烟气危害性及危险度评价  

Evaluation of smoke harm and fatalness in high-rise building fire

作　　者：邱旭东[1] 高甫生[1] 王砚玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2006年第3期392-394,409,共4页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology

基　　金：哈尔滨工业大学跨学科交叉性研究基金资助项目(HIT.MD2001.33)

摘　　要：采用FDS软件和CFAST软件建立场-区复合模型模拟房间着火时环形走廊内的烟气运动状况.通过分析走廊内的烟气运动特性;建立烟气对人体的伤害模型;提出疏散系数的概念.利用烟气伤害模型和疏散系数方法处理走廊烟气的模拟数据,分析了房门启闭状况及起火室位置变化对人员疏散的影响.结果表明:对于环形走廊的建筑形式,走廊房门全关这种情况为人员疏散的较不利工况;在烟气的流动通道上设置排烟口,可以有效地控制烟气流动,延长排烟口后面各区域的疏散时间.Combined the FDS with CFAST to establish field-zone compound model to simulate smoke movement in ring-shaped corridor when rooms take fire. Smoke movement characteristics in corridor were analyzed Smoke fatalness model and the evacuation coefficient were established. Smoke simulation data were analyzed with smoke fatalness model and the evacuation coefficient. The effects of door-opening or door-closing condition and room location of fire origin on occupants＇ evacuation were analyzed. Results indicate that the worse condition of occupants＇ evacuation in ring-shaped corridor is all-door-closing condition. Installing exhaust grills in smoke flowing passage can efficiently prevent smoke movement and lengthen passage evacuation time at the rear of exhaust grills.

关 键 词：火灾 场-区复合模型 烟气伤害模型 疏散系数 

分 类 号：TU834.2[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]