供氧方式及供氧量对堆肥发酵进程的影响  

Effect of Oxygen Concentrations on Process of Composting

作　　者：王伟东[1] 王小芬[1] 刘建斌[1] 高丽娟[1] 李献梅[1] 崔宗均[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院

出　　处：《环境科学》2006年第3期594-598,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2002AA245031);国家'十五'科技攻关计划项目(2002BA516A03)

摘　　要：对于麦秸、牛粪和鸡粪为原料的堆肥系统，通过翻堆和强制通气实现微好氧和好氧处理，测定了各种发酵参数的变化．结果表明，微好氧处理堆体内氧浓度始终小于1．5％，而通气处理堆体的氧浓度始终在4％以上；微好氧处理50℃以上高温期为23d，比通气处理多6d，而通气虽然高温期短但后期温度下降慢；微好氧处理的半纤维素含量从发酵开始时的13．86％下降到堆肥结束时的7．99％。纤维素含量由21．45％下降到16．07％，而通气处理最终半纤维素含量为8．50％，纤维素含量由21．45％下降到18．02％；从各种成分的下降曲线看，微好氧处理为一次下降。而通气处理基本为缓慢的2峰曲线．从硝酸根浓度、温度和C／N综合评价产物的腐熟度。微好氧处理进入腐熟约经35d，而通气处理经45～50d才进入腐熟．富集培养堆肥样品的试验证明0．01～0．05mg／L的微好氧和50～60℃高温是纤维素分解的最适宜条件．The effect of oxygen concentrations was evaluated during the decomposition of some selected organic materials under a controlled condition composting process for a period of 60 days. Mixtures of cattle manure, chicken manure, and wheat straw at a 1 ： 3 ： 6 ratio were used in the experiment. Micro-aerobic treatment was attained by turning of heap at a frequency of one time each two days, while forced air was applied under aerobic treatment. Results showed that concentration of oxygen under mlcro-aerobic treatment was significantly lower than that of the aerobic treatment by 1.5 % in all composting periods. The duration of thermophilic phase more than 50℃ of micro-aerobic treatment was 23 days, and was 6 days more than that of the aerobic. On the other hand, the decreasing of temperature of the aerobic treatment is slow. The concentration of hemicellulose and cellulose of the micro-aerobic treatment was decreased from the 13.86% and 21.45 % to 7,99 % and 16.07%, respectively. Under the aerobic treatment, only decreased to 8.50 % and 18.02 %, respectively. A marked compost maturity was noted under the micro-aerobic treatment than under the aerobic treatment as indicated by C/N, NO3^- ion, and temperature profiles. The optimal condition of cellulose degrading was micro-aerobic and high temperature between 50℃ and 60℃ proved by microorganism culture coming from the materials of the thermophilic phase.

关 键 词：微好氧 通气 堆肥化 木质纤维素 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]