黄河水资源统一管理效果与综合管理对策  

Effects of Centralized Management and Strategies for Integrated Management of the Yellow River

作　　者：姚治君[1] 刘剑[1] 苏人琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2006年第2期28-32,共5页Resources Science

基　　金：国家"973"项目(编号:2005CB422006);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40371006);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所创新项目(编号:CXIOG-E01-08-03)

摘　　要：黄河流域占全国国土面积的8%,多年平均径流量则仅占全国河川径流量的2%,流域可开采的地下水资源量139×108m3(扣除与河川径流重复量),人均水资源量543m3,为世界人均水资源量的1/15,远远低于人均1 000m3的国际水资源紧缺标准,是一个水资源相当匮乏的地区。本文系统分析了黄河水资源管理取得的最新进展:一是实现了黄河枯水年连续6年不断流;二是基本统筹兼顾了各方面用水;三是初步建立了黄河统一管理体制和运行机制。同时,分析了黄河流域面临的重大问题与挑战:尚未建立水权制度和水市场;现行的统一管理机制十分脆弱;配水模式严重失控;河流维持水量大量减少;河流健康生命受到严重威胁。在此基础上,提出黄河水资源综合管理的对策:建立河政管理与水利水电开发利用相结合的水务管理体制;完善水权转让制度和建立水市场;制订推行科学的水价体系;制约供水与用水双方厉行节水;建立和健全水资源综合管理法律法规。The Yellow River basin covers an area of about 75 square kilometers, occupying eight percents of the territorial area national wide. Annual average runoff of is 58, 000million cubic meters, taking for two percent of the countrywide river runoff. The amount of ground water is 13,900million cubic meters in the Yellow River basin. Per capita amount of water resources in the basin is 543 cubic meters far below the world average and the problems of water shortage associated with water pollution is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, it is challengeable to exploit and regulate water resources effectively in order to solve the problems. The paper systemically analyze the new progresses of water resources management in the Yellow River basin in successfully preventing the river from turnoff in six consecutive years and scientifically planning and reasonably allocating water resources to all kinds of water users and establishing a uniform management system and operation mechanism. At the same time, the paper also identifies the problems and challenges in water resource management such as absence of water rights and water marketing system, the frailty of uniform management and allocating system and so forth. On the basis of analysis, some countermeasures are proposed, that are- to establish a effective administrative system of water resource which integrated with water conservation and hydroelectric power development and utilization; to improve water rights transfer and water marketing system; to establish pricelever management mechanism and to formulate rules, regulations and laws for water supply and water consumption.

关 键 词：黄河 水资源 统一管理 对策 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]