长期肥料定位试验栗钙土中磷肥在莜麦上的产量效应及行为研究  

The yield responses of naked oats to phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus behavior in chestnut soil in a long-term experiment

作　　者：刘建玲[1] 杨福存[1] 李仁岗[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2006年第2期201-207,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金资助(300130);河北省教委博士基金;河北农业大学生物无机试验室资助

摘　　要：研究了高寒半干旱区8年肥料定位试验中,磷肥和有机肥在莜麦上的产量效应、土壤磷素的平衡、土壤Olsen-P及各形态无机磷的变化。结果表明,单施磷肥(N0P1)莜麦增产30.8%、单施氮肥(N1P0)增产109.4%、氮肥和磷肥配合(N1P1)施用莜麦增产314.0%;NP间表现出显著正交互作用,NP(N1和P1)交互作用增产86.9%;施用22.5和45.0 t/hm2有机肥分别比N0P0处理增产115.1%和220.1%;施用有机肥基础上增施磷肥无明显增产效应。不同施肥处理土壤Olsen-P和各形态无机磷的增减取决于土壤磷素的积累与消耗量,7年不施磷肥土壤Olsen-P降低3.3mg/kg。施用磷肥和有机肥土壤各形态磷库均有不同程度的积累;土壤磷素积累以无机磷为主,其中Ca2-P和Ca8-P的积累量分别占土壤无机磷变化总量的19.3%和25.4%,Al-P和Fe-P分别占23.8%和14.8%,O-P和Ca10-P共占13.0%。依据土壤磷素收支平衡状况计算出维持土壤磷素平衡的P2O5用量为45.0 kg/hm2。根据肥料效应函数计算出有机肥用量为0、22.5 t/hm2时,P2O5的最高产量用量分别为98.4 kg/hm2和87.4 kg/hm2。The yield responses of naked oats to phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the balance between P input and output, and the changes in soil Olsen-P and inorganic phosphorus fraction pool were studied in 8-year experiments on chestnut soil at arid plateau region. The results showed that P fertilization in combination with N fertilizer could help raise naked oats yield, single application of P （N0P1） and N （N1P0） fertilizers brought about 30.8% and 109.4% of oats yield, respectively. Combined application of N and P fertilizers （N1 and P1） gave an increase of 314.0% compared with the control. There was an significant positive interaction effect of N and P fertilizers on yield which resulted in an increase of 86.9% of oats yield. Application of 22.5 t/ha and 45.0 t/ha of organic fertilizer alone gave an increase of 115.1% and 220.1% compared with N0P0, respectively, however, applying P fertilizer after the application of organic fertilizer did not show a yield-enhancing effect. The content of soil Olsen-P and inorganic phosphorus fractions were changed by applying P fertilizer and organic fertilizer on different treatments, The content of soil Olsen-P decreased by 3.3 mg/kg in no P fertilizer treatment after 7-years cropping. All phosphorus fraction pools addressed with P and organic fertilizers were enhanced at varying degreess. Most of residual P were inorganic phosphorus, among which Ca2-P and Ca8-P were accounted for 19.2% and 25.3%; Al-P and Fe-P were accounted for 23.4% and 15.3%, respectively; and O-P and Ca10-P were accounted for 13.5% of total inorganic P. According to the balance between P input and output, 45.0 kg/ha was figured out as the critical rate of P2O5 that could maintain the P balance in soft. The recommended application rates of P fertilizer for maximum yield combined with 0 or 22.5 t/ha organic fertilizer using regression equations were 98.4 kg/ha, 87.4 kg/ha respectively.

关 键 词：栗钙土 肥料定位试验 磷肥 莜麦 产量效应 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]