夹竹桃强心总甙灭螺活性与机理  

Effect of cardiac glycosides from Nerium indicum on Oncomelania hupensis

作　　者：王万贤[1] 杨毅[1] 王宏[2] 舒丽慧[1] 张勇[1] 张佳磊[1] 侯金华[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学生命科学学院,武汉430062 [2]上海交通大学环境科学与工程技术学院,上海200240

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第3期954-959,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471506);湖北省中药生物技术重点实验室基金资助项目(4300620103)~~

摘　　要：血吸虫病（Schistosomiasis）是严重危害人民身体健康的疾病.钉螺是血吸虫的唯一中间寄主,是血吸虫生活周期中最脆弱环节,灭螺能有效控制血吸虫病,保护湿地和水资源.按强心总甙提取方法,用有机溶剂提取,从118.1940g（相当于100g干材料）夹竹桃新鲜叶中得到0.9815g夹竹桃强心总甙.将强心总甙按5、10、15、20、25、30mg/L配制成6个不同浓度梯度的处理溶液处理钉螺.取活钉螺100只为1组,每20个装入一个尼龙网袋中,分别将各组（5袋/组;网孔2mm）钉螺浸入盛有2000g不同浓度的夹竹桃强心总甙灭螺剂水溶液的玻璃缸中,设1mg/L氯硝柳胺水溶液和无氯清水对照.分别于处理1、2、3、4、5d后,将各处理中的钉螺随机取出1袋,用无氯水冲洗数次,再放入清水中静置1d,然后作存活检查：在解剖镜下针刺无反应的证实死亡.结果显示夹竹桃强心总甙具有很好的毒杀钉螺活性,用20mg/L的夹竹桃强心总甙的水溶液处理3～4d的效果与1mg/L氯硝柳胺溶液处理2～3d的灭螺效果相当;经统计分析：用其水溶液灭螺的.LD50和LD90浓度分别是4.0500mg/L和22.2500mg/L.用LD50浓度的夹竹桃强心总甙溶液处理50个钉螺之后,取活螺用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）进行测试,在处理6h时,显示各处理样品的酶活高于对照组,表现为酶带颜色加深,有新的酶带出现;而在处理12h和24h后,各处理的样品酶带浅于对照组,酶带颜色逐渐变浅,直到消失.采用蒽酮显色法测定经夹竹桃强心总甙处理后钉螺软体的糖原含量糖原含量显著下降,减少幅度从9.9%到32.6%;钉螺经夹竹桃强心总甙处理后蛋白质含量的变化不明显.分析了强化感作用植物夹竹桃植物新鲜叶中强心总甙的灭螺活性,并在微观领域探究其化感作用导致钉螺的形态病理以及糖代谢、蛋白质代谢等生理变化等方面所表现出的杀伤钉螺的机理,由此获得强化感作用植物夹竹桃�The Schistosomiasis is a serious diseases threatening human being＇s health. Oncomelannia hupensis is the only intermediate host of Sehistosome, and is the most fragile during its life cycle. To effectively control the occurrence of Schistosomiasis and protect wetland and water resource, it is an essential practice to destroy snails of O. hupensis. In the present study, cardiac glycosides were extracted from fresh leaves of Nerium indicum Mill and effects of the cardiac glycosides on mortality of 0. hupensis were investigated. Six concentrations of the cardiac glycosides （5, 10, 15, 20, 25,30mg/L） were used to treat O. hupensis, and treatments of O. hupensis with lmg/L niclosamidum and dechlorided water were set as control. O. hupensis that had been treated with varying concentrations of cardiac glycosides for 1-5d was randomly chosen for testing the mortality after 1 d incubation in water following thoroughly rinsing with dechlorided water. O. hupensis that did not respond to needle puncture as observed under a dissecting microscope was defined as death. Our results show that the cardiac glycosides obtained from fresh leaves of N. indicum effectively killed O. hupensis. The mortality of O. hupensis treated with 20mg/L cardiac glycosides for 3-4d was similar to that treated with lmg/L niclosamidum for 2-3d. Statistical analysis revealed that the LD50 and LD90 values for the cardiac glycosides were 4.0500mg/L and 22.2500mg/L, respectively. Fifty O. hupensis treated with the LD50 concentration of cardiac glycosides was used to do PAGE test. The treated samples displayed higher activities of enzymes than the controls; the color of enzyme bands was enhanced and new enzyme bands were induced after 6h treatment. However, the color of enzyme bands was lower than that of the controls, and eventually disappeared after 12 and 24h treatments. There was a marked decrease in glycogen content （ranged from 9.9 % to 32.6 % ） in response to treatments with the cardiac glycosides. The protein contents were not significant

关 键 词：强心总甙 夹竹桃 钉螺 化感作用 

分 类 号：R184[医药卫生—流行病学]