哈尔滨城郊的景观格局及多样性  

Landscape Pattern and Diversity of Harbin's Suburb

作　　者：龚文峰[1] 范文义[1] 祝宁[1] 周洪泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2006年第2期50-53,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家"十五"重大科技攻关课题(2002BA516A15-01)。

摘　　要：利用哈尔滨市的遥感数据(SPOT)、1∶50000地形图和其它图形、文字材料,在RS、GIS和GPS技术支持下,按照一定的景观分类体系制定出8个一级景观类型、14个二级景观类型,得到了城乡交错带(城郊)景观类型的分布图。对地形图进行矢量化,得到了哈尔滨市的数字高程模型(DEM)。应用景观生态学原理,选取斑块密度、多样性指数、优势度、均匀度和分维数指数,从斑块多样性、景观类型多样性、景观格局多样性三方面进行了研究分析,结果表明:哈尔滨市城郊以农田景观为本底,旱田和水田占有绝对优势;泡沼(水库)和片林斑块密度远大于其它类型的斑块密度,农田景观的斑块密度最小;各类景观类型所占的比例相对均匀,其多样性指数和均匀度就大。就多样性指数和均匀度而言,道里区的最大,南岗区的最小,各区产业结构不均衡;将景观类型和哈尔滨市数字高程模型(DEM)相叠加,更加直观地反映了哈尔滨城市郊的景观类型和景观格局;在对土地开发利用,特别是松花江以北的区域,要按一定原则并保护有价值的湿地景观。The suburb of Harbin was divided into 8 primary landscape types and 14 secondly landscape types, and a distribution map of landscape types for the suburban area was obtained according to a definite classification system for landscape types with the support of RS, GIS and GPS as well as the main data source of SPOT image, a 1： 50 000 topographic map and some data. The Digital Elevation Model （DEM） was obtained by vectorizing the topographic map. With the landscape ecology principle, patch diversity, landscape diversity and pattern diversity were analysed in terms of patch density, diversity index, dominance, evenhess, fractal dimension index. Result showed that the suburb of Harbin is mainly composed of cropland landscape, of which upland and paddy land are dominate. The patch density of bogs （reservoirs） and greenbelts is greater than that of the others, and that of cropland landscape is the least. Diversity index and evenness of a district are larger if it has a relatively even landscape types. In terms of diversity index and evenness, Daoli district ranks first and Nangang district holds the last position, and the industrial structure of each district is unbalanced. The landscape types and patterns were directly reflected by the overlay of the landscape types and the DEM of Harbin. We should follow certain principles and protect worthy wetland landscapes in land exploitation and utilization, especially to the north region of Songhua river.

关 键 词：城乡交错带 景观格局 景观多样性 多样性指数 

分 类 号：P718.557[天文地球—海洋科学]