不同基因型春小麦对磷胁迫的适应性反应  

Adaptable Effects of Phosphorus Stress on Different Genotypes of Spring Wheat

作　　者：张恩和[1] 王惠珍[1] 阎秋洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2006年第2期117-120,共4页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(ZS991-A21-030-N);甘肃省人事厅学术技术带头人资助项目

摘　　要：采用缺磷的石灰性土壤，利用盆栽试验研究了不同供磷水平对4个不同基因型春小麦的根系特征、酸性磷酸酶活性及产量的影响，以探讨不同基因型春小麦对低磷胁迫的适应性反应。结果表明，在高磷水平下，甘春20号根干重和地上部干重的增加率均高于其它基因型，产量比其它基因型高8．7％～25．1％；在缺磷条件下，甘春20号体内酸性磷酸酶活性比适当供磷和高磷处理分别增加了41．6％和101．9％，高于其它基因型，说明此基因型主要通过向根际释放磷酸酶以适应缺磷环境。在三个供磷水平下，定西33号和会宁18号的根都最长，平均比甘春20号和眈春16号长26．4％～36．7％，说明这两个旱地品种主要是通过增加根长扩大磷素吸收范围来适应缺磷环境的。根系酸性磷酸酶和根系形态参数可分别作为小麦耐低磷品种筛选的指标。Using crop varieties with high phosphorus use efficiency （PUE） is one of important biological ways to alleviate shortage of phosphorus （P） resources. A pot experiment was conducted to study adaptable effects of P deficiency on root ecological and physiological characteristics, root acid phosphates （Apase） and the yield of spring wheat. Four spring wheat varieties of Ganchun 20, Longchun 16, Dingxi 33 and Huining 18, were sown in a P high deficiency calcium soil to study the effect of P deficiency on grain yield, Results showed that, at P high application level, Root dry weight （RDW） and shoot dry weight（SDW） of Ganchun 20 increased respectively,and the grain yield increased by 8.7% to 25.1%, compared to other genotypes wheat% under condition of P deficiency, Plant Apase activity of Ganchun 20 increased by 41.6% and 101.9% compared to P low level and P high level, and also higher than other Genotypes of Spring wheat; Therefore, Ganchun 20 excreted Apase to rhizosphere in order to adapting environment of P deficiency. At three P supply level, the root length（RL） of Dingxi 33 and Huining 18 are longer than others, which increased by 26. 4% to 36.7%, so two of high drought-tolerant varieties adapted to P deficiency environment through enlarge uptaking area as a result of increasing root length. Thus,root Apase and root morphological parameter such as RL, RD, R/C could be used as selection parameters for the tolerance of P deficiency.

关 键 词：春小麦 基因型 磷素胁迫 根系 酸性磷酸酶 磷素利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311