1985—2005年中国城市水源地突发污染事件不完全统计分析  

Statistical analysis on water pollution incident in urban water supply area in China during the year 1985 to 2005

作　　者：张勇[1,2] 王东宇[1,2] 杨凯[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062 [2]城市化生态过程与生态恢复上海市重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2006年第2期79-84,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70403005);上海市科学技术委员会重大攻关项目(04dz12031)

摘　　要：对1985—2005年中国城市水源地突发污染事件进行了统计分析,以从总体上揭示这些事件的发生规律及其对城市水源地和供水安全的危害。采用文献检索方法,通过对1985—2005年《中国环境报》、《人民日报》、新华网等报刊和网络的检索,从发生日期、地点、污染物种类、事件简况4个方面统计中国城市水源地突发污染事件,经整理和筛选后共列出102起。这些突发污染事件的分析结果表明:1)中国城市水源地突发污染事件总体上呈数量逐年增多,危害增大的趋势;2)化学品和污水是主要污染物;3)河道交通事故和工厂泄漏事故是主要风险源;4)突发污染事件一般都造成了比较严重的经济社会影响,但缺乏相应的应急管理机制和应急部门;5)3个典型突发污染事件造成重大经济社会损失并引发社会高度关注,凸现了构建中国城市水源地突发污染事件应急机制的重要性和迫切性。This paper is aimed to provide a summary of the major water pollution accidents in the urban water supply areas in China during the year 1985 to 2005 in order to explore the regularity and characteristics of such accidents and their potential risks to our urban water supply system. In doing so, the paper has summarized four aspects of such incidents, including the dates, sites, pollutant types and brief descriptions of the accidents through reviewing the reports of The Chinese Environmental News and People Daily and other media and databases during the year 1985 to 2005. Next, it has listed and analyzed 102 water pollution accidents. The results of our investigation indicate ： （ 1 ） the number of accidents has been increasing with the urban water supply areas are faced with more and more potential risks in past 20 years, especially in the-recent 5 years; （2） the major pollutant is the chemical material and waste water discharge; （3） the major risk source comes from the inland river traffic accidents and the factory pollution events; （4） most of such accidents were reported to have produced serious social influence and economical loss because of scarcity of essential emergency institution and mechanism, especially before 2003; （5） three typical accidents are focused on the serious damage to the social and economic systems, which aroused great concern from the Chinese government and people. This paper argues that the three momentous accidents mentioned in this paper imply the great importance and urgency to establish as soon as possible an emergency system for the state urban water supply resources in the whole country.

关 键 词：环境工程 城市水源地 突发污染事件 统计分析 中国 

分 类 号：X620.20[环境科学与工程]