玉米苗期施用缓/控释氮素肥料养分释放特点与土壤生物活性研究  

The Study about Characteristics of Releasing Nutrition and Soil Biological Activities at Maize Seedling Stage for Using Slow/controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers

作　　者：李东坡[1] 梁成华[1] 武志杰[2] 陈利军[2] 张丽莉[2] 冯慧敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110161 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2006年第1期48-52,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2004AA246020);中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新重大项目(KZCX1-SW-19-肥料)

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,模拟田间生态环境,测定施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料,玉米苗期土壤尿素态氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量,脲酶、硝酸还原酶活性、微生物量碳和氮含量变化趋势,比较玉米苗期氮素养分释放、土壤生物活性特点。研究表明,玉米苗期,施用SA+nBPT+U肥料,尿素态氮和NH4+-N的积累量最多,对土壤脲酶活性有显著的抑制作用;SA+U肥料,硝态氮最多;MMA+nBPT+U肥料,尿素自膜内迁移到土壤中的量较少,硝态氮和微生物量最少。包膜与脲酶抑制剂nBPT相结合的缓/控释肥料,对减少硝态氮的生成效果最为明显。施用nBPT+U肥料,微生物量最多。施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料,土壤硝酸还原酶活性普遍增强,脲酶抑制剂nBPT对土壤硝酸还原酶活性无显著作用;施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料土壤微生物量碳、氮的变化趋势一致。丙烯酸树脂包膜与脲酶抑制剂相结合的缓/控释肥料控释效果最好。The study was worked by pot culture condition under field ecological environment. The amounts of urea nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, soil urease enzyme, nitrate reduetase activities, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of using slow/controlled release fertilizers was monitored at the maize seedling stage. The characteristics of nitrogen nutrition release and soil biological activities was analyzed about those fertilizers. The results showed that amounts of urea and ammonium nitrogen in soil by using urea coated by starch acetate film and urease inhibitor nBPT were the highest in all fertilizers, and soil urease activities were significantly inhibited. The amounts of nitrate nitrogen in soil for using urea coated by starch acetate were the highest. The urea amount of soil moving from film inside to outside in urea coated by methyl methacrylate and urease inhibitor nBPT was less, and nitrate nitrogen and soil microbial biomass were the least. The effect of reducing soil nitrate amount was most significat in urea coated by film and urease inhibitor nBPT. Soil microbial biomass of using the urea combined urease inhibitor nBPT was the highest. The nitrate reduetase activity was enhanced in all fertilizers. The urease inhibitor nBPT has not inhibited soil nitrate reduetase activity. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen have the same changes of slow/controlled release fertilizers. The fertilizer of urea coated by methyl methacrylate combine with urea inhibitor nBPT was the most valid about slow/controlled release function.

关 键 词：玉米苗期 缓/控释肥料 土壤生物活性 养分释放 大颗粒尿素 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学] S143.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]