田间施药对拟环纹豹蛛羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶分布及活性的影响  

Effect of low-dose chemical pesticides on distribution and activity of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase in the wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae)

作　　者：王智[1,2] 付秀芹[3] 宋大祥[1] 颜亨梅[3] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学生命科学学院 [2]湖南文理学院生命科学系,湖南常德415000 [3]湖南师范大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2006年第2期260-264,共5页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30300041)

摘　　要：利用紫外分光光度法,对化学防治田(化防田)和生物防治田(生防田)中的拟环纹豹蛛Pardosapseudoannulata体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)的分布及其活性进行了比较研究。结果表明,生防田拟环纹豹蛛身体各分部的AChE活性[包括头胸部1.251nmol/(mg.min)、腹部0.467nmol/(mg.min)和附肢0.760nmol/(mg.min)]均高于化防田蜘蛛[包括头胸部0.895nmol/(mg.min)、腹部0.445nmol/(mg.min)和附肢0.724nmol/(mg.min)],而生防田豹蛛的CarE活性[包括头胸部0.122nmol/(mg.min)、腹部0.593nmol/(mg.min)和附肢0.073nmol/(mg.min)]均低于化防田蜘蛛[包括头胸部0.158nmol/(mg.min)、腹部0.708nmol/(mg.min)和附肢0.115nmol/(mg.min)],说明化防田拟环纹豹蛛产生了一定程度的抗药性。拟环纹豹蛛体内的AChE主要集中在头胸部,CarE主要集中在腹部,这种分布特征是与其抗药性机制相适应的,并对其抗药性机制的形成做出了初步解释。这些结果也提示,拟环纹豹蛛对甲胺磷等农药的抗性不能在短期内形成,必须经历水稻→害虫→蜘蛛的较长的适应演化过程。By using ultraviolet spectroscopy, a comparative study was made on the distribution and activities of carboxylesterase （CarE） and acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） in Pardosa pseudoannulata collected from different rice fields, pest-controlled chemically or biologically. The results showed that the activity of AChE in any part of the body, including cephalothorax with the corresponding value 1.251 nmol/（mg·min）, abdomen 0.467 nmol/（mg·min） and appendages 0.760 nmol/（ mg·min）, of P. pseudoannulata from biologically controlled rice field was higher than that （including cephalothorax with the corresponding value 0.895 nmol/（mg·min）, abdomen 0.445 nmol/（mg·min） and appendages 0.724 nmol/（mg·min）） in the spiders from chemically controlled rice field. On the contrary, the activity of Care in every subsection of the spiders, including cephalothorax with the corresponding value 0. 158 nmol/（ mg·min）, abdomen 0.708 nmol/（ mg ·min） and appendages 0.115 nmol/（mg·min）, from chemically controlled rice field was higher than that （including cephalothorax with the corresponding value 0. 122 nmol/（ mg · min）, abdomen 0.593 nmol/（ mg·min） andappendages 0.073 nmol/（mg·min） in the spiders from biologically controlled rice field. This proved that the spider developed a certain degree of resistance for pesticide in chemically controlled rice field. AChE distributed mainly in the cephalothorax of spiders, while CarE was mainly found in abdomen. This distribution pattern was fit for the mechanism of resistance to pesticide, which was tentatively explored in this paper. The results also suggested that the resistance of P. pseudoannulata to methamidophos was unlikely to be formed within in a short period of time, and there must exist a long period of adaptation of rice to pests and pests to spiders.

关 键 词：拟环纹豹蛛 乙酰胆碱酯酶 羧酸酯酶 抗药性 化学防治 生物防治 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]