施用缓/控释氮肥对玉米苗期土壤生物学活性的影响  

Effects of Slow/Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers on Soil Biological Activity at Maize Seedling Stage.

作　　者：李东坡[1] 武志杰[2] 梁成华[1] 陈利军[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2006年第2期21-25,共5页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2004AA246020);中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新重大项目(KZCX1-SW-19-肥料);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目专题(KZCX1-SW-19-4-04);辽宁省科技厅攻关项目(K88GBSGG010203)

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验并模拟田间生态环境，研究了施用不同种类缓／控释氮肥对玉米苗期土壤脲酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性、微生物生物量碳和氮含量的影响。结果表明，在玉米苗期，施用脲酶抑制剂nBPT涂层尿素及醋酸酯淀粉包膜脲酶抑制剂nBPT涂层尿素对土壤脲酶活性有显著抑制作用，脲酶活性分别为49．25和48．13μg·g^-1·d^-1（以NH3-N汁）；施用不同种类缓／控释氮肥时土壤硝酸还原酶活性普遍增强，其活性在0．76～1．03μg·g^-1·d^-1（以N计）之间，但相互间无显著差异，脲酶抑制剂nBPT对土壤硝酸还原酶活性无显著作用；施用不同种类缓／控释氮肥时土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量变化趋势一致，施用脲酶抑制剂nBPT涂层尿素时微生物量最多，微生物量碳、氮含量分别为248．19和56．53mg·kg^-1，施用丙烯酸树脂包膜脲酶抑制剂nBPT涂层尿素时微生物量最少，微生物碳、氮含量分别为104．80和23．94mg·kg^-1。施用不同种类缓／控释氮肥时土壤生物学活性的变化特点表明，丙烯酸树脂包膜与脲酶抑制剂nBPT涂层相结合的缓／控释肥料控释效果最好。A pot experiment in simulated field ecological environment was carried out to study effect of slow/controlled release fertilizers on soil biological activity of urease and nitrate reduetase, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the soil at the maize seedling stage. Results show that soil urease activity was significantly inhibited at the maize seedling stage by nBPT-coated urea（ nBPT is a kind of urease inhibitor） and starch-acetate-nBPT-coated urea down to 49.25 and 48.13μg·g^-1·d^-1 , respectively, whereas nitrate reduetase activity was enhanced in all fertilizer treatments up to 0. 76～ 1.03μg·g^-1·d^-1 , showing no big difference between each other. The urease inhibitor nBPT did not have any inhibiting effect on soil nitrate reduetase activity. The effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were more or less the same. Soil microbial biomass was the highest in the treatment of nBPT-coated urea with microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen being 248. 19 and 56.53 mg·kg^-1, respectively, and the lowest in the treatment of methyl-methacrylate-nBPT-coated urea, with microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen being 104.80 and 23.94 mg·kg^-1 , respectively. The characteristics of the change in soil biological activity at the maize seedling stage show that the combination of methyl methacrylate and urea inhibitor nBPT is the most effective coating in controlling release of nitrogen from the fertilizer.

关 键 词：缓/控释肥料 玉米苗期 脲酶 硝酸还原酶 微生物生物量 

分 类 号：X384[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S154[农业科学—土壤学]