无定河淤地坝拦沙措施时间变化的分析与对策  

Study of Temporal Variation of Check Dam Construction in Wudinghe River Basin and Some Suggestion for Some Countermeasure

作　　者：许炯心[1] 孙季[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]西南科学技术大学,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2006年第2期26-30,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委;水利部黄河水利委员会联合资助重点项目(50239080)

摘　　要：运用大量实测资料对无定河淤地坝及其拦沙效应进行了研究。坝地面积增加率在20世纪70年代达到峰值。80年代发生显著衰减，90年代进一步衰减。用水文法对无定河流域水土保持措施的减沙效益进行了估算．结果表明，减沙效益从70年代开始急剧增大，并在70年代末、80年代初达到峰值，随后有减小的趋势。历年新增坝地面积从60年代中期开始急剧增大，并在70年代初达到峰值．随后有减小的趋势。由于后续淤地坝的建设未能及时跟上，新增坝地面积在70年代末和80年代中大幅度减少后．随着原有的淤地坝逐渐淤满失效，淤地坝减沙效益衰减。在这一因素的影响下，无定河产沙量在70年代开始大幅度减小，但在1986～1996年，修建于60年代末、70年代和80年代初的淤地坝相继淤满失效之后．后续淤地坝建设未能跟上，故无定河产沙量有增加的趋势。基于本研究，我们建议．在无定河的水土保持中应加强淤地坝建设，实现淤地坝的持续拦沙效应，才能使入黄泥沙减少的趋势能够长期持续下去。Based on statistical and hydrometric data, a study has been made of the check dam construction and its sediment-trapping effects. The area （Ac） of the land created by the sediment trapped by check dams is used as an index for soil and water conservation beneficial of check dam measures. It has been found that the rate at which Ac increases attained the maximum in the 1970s, and then decreased in the 1980s, and further decreased in the 1990s. The sediment reduction beneficial by check dams has been estimated using hydrological approach. The results show that sediment reduction beneficial increased rapidly in the 1970s, attaining the maximum in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and then declined. The yearly increment of Ac increased from the mid-1960s, attaining the maximum in the early 1970s, and then declined. Since the construction of check dams failed to be continued, the yearly increment of Ac showed a greatly decrease in the late 1970s and in the 1980s, and the sediment reduction beneficial of check dams declined due to the filling-up of most existing check dams. As a result, following a significant decrease in the 1970s and 1980s, the sediment yield of the Wudinghe River showed an increasing trend from 1986 to 1996, mainly because the check dam construction failed to be continued alter the old ones were filled up. Hence, it is suggested that the construction of check dams should be strengthened for a sustainable sediment reduction beneficial, so that the reduction of sediment to the Yellow River could be sustained.

关 键 词：水土保持 淤地坝建设 侵蚀产沙 黄土高原 无定河 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S275.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]