军曹鱼人工育苗饵料投喂技术的初步研究  

A primary study on feeding technique of cobia(Rachycentron canadum) during artificial breeding

作　　者：孙丽华[1] 陈浩如[2] 黄良民[1] 王肇鼎[1] 严岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站,广东深圳518121 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2006年第2期24-30,共7页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：广东省科技厅"十五"重大科技专项资助项目(2001A305020201);国家"863"计划资助项目(2002AA6030121)

摘　　要：研究了军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum幼鱼(初始体重10g左右)的日摄食节律及不同摄食水平条件下鱼体的化学组成、特定生长率和食物转换率,以此确立人工育苗过程中军曹鱼幼鱼的适宜投饵时间和和投饵水平。研究结果表明,军曹鱼幼鱼具有明显的昼夜摄食节律,摄食主要在白天进行,以早晨(06:00—08:00)和傍晚(18:00—20:00)最为活跃,形成一天中的2个摄食高峰,夜间基本不摄食。由此可见军曹鱼幼鱼的摄食节律属白天摄食偏晨昏性类型。在饥饿、3%、6%、9%和饱食(指日投饵干重占试验鱼初始体重的百分比)摄食水平条件下,军曹鱼幼鱼鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量随摄食水平的增加呈增长趋势,在6%摄食水平组脂肪含量出现大幅下降,在3%—饱食摄食水平时蛋白质含量变化不明显。军曹鱼幼鱼的湿重、干重和蛋白质特定生长率均随摄食水平的增加呈减速增长趋势,两者间的关系表现为对数函数形式:SGRw=3.876 ln(RL+1)-3.716,SGRd=5.107 ln(RL+1)-5.24,SGRp=5.561 ln(RL+1)-5.609,9%和饱食摄食水平组特定生长率无显著差异;脂肪特定生长率随摄食水平的增加而线性增长:SGRL=1.731RL-7.702。食物湿重、干重、蛋白质和脂肪转换率随摄食水平的增加均呈先升后降的变化趋势,9%摄食水平组有最大值,约为最大摄食水平的70%。因此,军曹鱼幼鱼投饵应在白天进行,适宜投饵时间为早晨和傍晚2个摄食高峰期,这个生长阶段的军曹鱼幼鱼当投喂鳗鱼配合饲料时其适宜投饵水平约为最大摄食水平的70%。Suitable feeding about 10g were established schedule and ration level for young cobia （Rachycentron canadum） weighing by studying their diel feeding rhythm and body composition, specific growth rate and food conversation efficiency at different ration levels. An obvious diel feeding rhythm of young cobia was observed. Feeding mainly proceeded by day and was most active during the periods of 06：00-- 08：00 and 18： 00--20： 00, forming two feeding peaks in a day. Feeding decreased remarkably in the darkness of night and no feeding happened during the period of 00 ： 00--04 ： 00, which formed a feeding vale in a day. Thus it could be seen that the feeding rhythm of young cobia was characterized by daytime feeding and inclined to twilight feeding. Five ration levels （RL） were set as follows： starvation, 3%, 6%, and 9 % of initial body weight per day, and satiation. The protein and lipid contents in the body of young cobia generally increased with increased ration, with a marked decrease of lipid content at 6 % ration and no significant difference of protein content from 3 % to satiation ration. The relationship between ration level and specific growth rate in wet weight （SGRw）, dry weight （SGRd） and protein （SGRp） was a decelerating curves described as SGRw=3.8761n（RL＋1）--3.716, SGRd=5.1071n（RL＋1）--5.248, and SGRp=5. 5611n（RL＋1） -- 5. 609 respectively, and there was no significant difference of SGRw, SGRd and SGRp between 9% and satiation ration. The specific growth rate in lipid （SGRI,） increased linearly as ration increased, described as SGRI= 1. 731RL--7. 702. Food convertion efficiencies in wet weight, dry weight and protein showed a domed curve as ration level increased and maximized at 9% ration, which was regarded as the optimum feeding level in our experimental conditions and amounted to 70% of maximal ration level （RI 12.87% per day）. So the suitable feeding schedule for young cobia should proceed in daylight, especially at the two feeding peaks, and

关 键 词：军曹鱼 RACHYCENTRON CANADUM 幼鱼 人工育苗 投饵技术 

分 类 号：S962.2[农业科学—水产养殖]