黄土高原马栏林区主要森林群落物种多样性研究  

Species Diversities of Major Communities in Malan Forest Region of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：汪超[1] 王孝安[1] 郭华[1] 范玮熠[1] 朱志红[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710062

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2006年第4期791-797,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(G2002CB111505)陕西师范大学研究生培养创新基金项目

摘　　要：应用丰富度指数(S)、多样性指数(H1)、优势度指数(D)和均匀度指数(Js)对子午岭马栏林区的主要森林群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:41个样地共记录草本151种,灌木111种,乔木33种。马栏林区森林植物群落其总体多样性是混交林>纯林>人工林;不同森林群落各层的物种多样性基本都表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层;物种多样性乔木层以油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)+辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)混交林和落叶阔叶混交林较高,灌木层以油松+白桦(Betula platyphylla)混交林、白桦林和天然油松林多样性较高;草本层则是人工刺槐 (Robinia pseudoacacia)林、白桦林和山杨(Populus davidiana)林多样性较高。人工刺槐林和人工油松林在乔木层和灌木层多样性指数都较低。物种均匀度乔木层是落叶阔叶混交林最高,人工油松林和人工刺槐林最低;灌木层各群落的均匀度较为接近;草本层则表现为人工刺槐林均匀度最高,混交林最低。β多样性分析显示人工刺槐林与其它森林群落相异性较大,而辽东栎林、天然油松林和油松+白桦混交林均与油松+辽东栎混交林的相异性较小。研究表明多树种营造混交林可以增加群落的多样性,建造具有较高物种多样性的群落应种植混交林取代单一物种的人工纯林,在选择树种时应优先考虑乡土树种。Richness index ,diversity index ,Simpson index ,evenness index were adopted to study the species diversities of major communities in Malan Forest Region of the Loess Plateau. The results indicted that in forty one quadrats there were 151 kinds of herbaceous plants,Ill kinds of shrubs and 33 kinds of arbors. The general community diversities increased in the order of the mixed forests in Malan Forest Region,the purebred forests and the plantations and the species diversities appeared to increase in the order of the shrub layers ,the herbaceous layers and the arbor layers in different forest communities ;in the shrub layers the species diversity appeared higher in Pinus tabulaeforrnis＋Quercus liaotungensis mixed forests and deciduous and broadleafed mixed forests and in the arbor layers,the species diversities appeared higher in P. tabulaeformis ＋Betula platyphylla mixed forest, B. platyphylla forests and natural P. tabulaeforrnis forests,in the herbaceous layers,the species diversities appeared higher in artifical Robinia pseudoacacia forests,B, platyphylla forests,Populus davidiana forests. In the arbor and shrub layers the diversity indexes appeared lower in artificial R. pseudoacacia forests and artificial P. tabulaeformis forests, in the arbor layer,the evenness indexes appeared the highest in deciduous and broadleafed mixed forests and the lowest in artificial R. pseudoacacia forests and artificial P. tabulaeformis forests,and in the shrub layers ,the evenness indexes appeared very similar in various communities and in the herbaceous layers ,the evenness indexes appeared the highest in artificial R. pseudoacacia forests and the lowest in mixed forests. β-diversity analysis showed that artificial R. pseudoacacia forests greatly differed from other forest communities whereas Q. liaotungensis forest, natural P. tabulaeformis forests, P. tabulaeformis ＋ B. platyphylla mixed forest, P. tabulaeformis ＋Q. liaotungensis mixed forests slightly differed. The study showed that the afforestation of mixed forests

关 键 词：黄土高原 子午岭 森林群落 物种多样性 相异性 

分 类 号：Q948.156[生物学—植物学]