复合齿形牙轮钻头及其破岩机理研究  

STUDY ON CONE BIT WITH COMPOSITE TOOTH AND ITS ROCK BREAKING MECHANISM

作　　者：胡琴[1] 刘清友[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学

出　　处：《天然气工业》2006年第4期77-79,共3页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:50474040)。

摘　　要：针对现有牙轮(钢齿、镶齿)钻头已难以对一些复杂地层进行有效钻进这一现状,根据对牙轮钻头破岩机理的新认识,研制了一种新型复合齿形牙轮钻头。该新型钻头是一种具有新型齿面结构的牙轮钻头,其牙轮上的牙齿由齿形齿和盘式齿复合而构成,并且各牙轮上齿形齿和盘式齿的布置方式可根据硬地层等复杂地层的特性和钻井要求进行调整。两种齿对岩石的破碎作用将会互相影响,使得破碎岩石更加容易。为此,概述了国内外在复合齿形牙轮钻头方面所做的研究工作,并详细分析了这种新型钻头的结构特点和破岩机理,指出要研制出具有良好性能的复合齿形牙轮钻头,主要应从破岩机理、布齿方法与齿面结构、齿面强化工艺、钻头整体性能台架试验及复合齿形牙轮钻头结构设计等方面进行深入研究。Aiming at the current status of the existing cone bits with steel and insert tooth are not effective in some complicated formations, according to the new knowledge of rock-breaking mechanism of cone bits, a new cone bit with composite tooth has been developed. The new bit has the new structure of tooth surface, and its characteristic is arranging both disk tooth and tungsten carbide insert tooth on one cone. Moreover, the arrangement of the two kinds of teeth is different on every cone. The arrangement of teeth on every cone can be adjusted according to the requirement of well drilling and the property of hard formation. Owing to the synergetic rock-breaking effect of tungsten carbide insert teeth and disk teeth, the composite of the two kinds of teeth shall help each other by using one's strong points to offset another one's weakness. Therefore, the cone bit with composite tooth will have the comprehensive rock-breaking advantages of tungsten carbide insert bit and disk bit. In this paper, the researches on the new bit at home and abroad are introduced, and the structural characteristics and rock-breaking mechanism of the new bit are analyzed in detail. It is pointed out in order to develop the high-powered cone bit with composite tooth, deep study on the rock-breaking mechanism, the structure of tooth surface and method of arranging teeth, tooth surface intensified technology, the bench test of the new bit performance, the structure design of the cone bit with composite tooth etc. should be conducted.

关 键 词：钻井 复合齿形 牙轮钻头 盘式钻头 破岩机理 研究方向 

分 类 号：TE921.1[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备] TH132.414[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]