麻疹发病与麻疹疫苗接种的病例对照研究  

Case-control Study of Measles and Measles Vaccine

作　　者：李慧[1] 张晓曙[1] 漆可发[2] 杭小平[3] 张入学[4] 张有良[5] 屠爱霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,兰州730000 [2]定西市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃定西734500 [3]庆阳市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃庆阳745000 [4]白银市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃白银730900 [5]平凉市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃平凉731200

出　　处：《中国计划免疫》2006年第1期29-31,共3页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的探讨甘肃省部份地区发生麻疹爆发或流行的原因，分析麻疹减毒活疫苗（MV）效力与麻疹发病之间的关系。方法选择4个县进行1：1配对病例对照研究。结果共调查病例和对照各358人，病例中〈7岁儿童占27．65％，7～14岁占66．48％，平均年龄8．62岁。病例组MV接种率36．87％，对照组MV接种率89．94％；接种MV后≥5年发病者占68．94％，7～9岁发病儿童距接种MV≥5年的占74．47％。1：1配对病例对照研究计算，接种MV与麻疹发病的比值比95％可信区间为0．028～0．079，MV效力95％可信区间为92．1％～97．2％。结论甘肃省部份地区发生麻疹爆发或流行的主要原因是MV接种率过低，存在免疫空白。提高MV接种率，缩短MV2针接种间隔时间，适时开展MV强化免疫可有效控制麻疹。Objective In order to discuss the reason of measles epidemic and analyze the relationship between vaccine effect and epidemic of measles. Methods One case-control study 1 ： 1 matched was made in 4 counties. Results 358 cases and 358 controls were studied. Most cases are children before school age, primary, and middle school students,27.65 % of them are under 7 years old;66.48 % are 7- 14 years old,and average age is 8.62, 65 96 of cases can be confirmed as measles patients. Measles vaccination coverage of cases is 36.87 96 and that of controls is 89.94 96 ; 68.94 96 of cases occurred more than five years after vaccination, and 74.47% of cases between 7 and 9 years old occurred ≥ years after vaccination. According to calculating method of 1 ： 1 case-control study,95 % confidence interval of odds ratio between measles and vaccination is 0. 028 - 0.079,and 95 % confidence interval of vaccine effect is 92.1% - 97.2 %, so vaccine effect is high. Conclusion Reason of measles outbreak or epidemic in local areas is the low coverage of measles vaccine and immunization and the existing of the immunization vacuum. We should strengthen routine immunization so as to improve coverage of measles vaccine;to shorten vaccination interval between two measles vaccination. The second dose can be administered 3- 4 years after the first dose, conduct immunization campaign of measles vaccine among children of school age or before school age in risk areas can control the measles.

关 键 词：麻疹疫苗 疫苗效力 病例对照 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]