土壤健康的生物学监测与评价  

Biological Monitoring and Assessment of Soil Health

作　　者：赵吉[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《土壤》2006年第2期136-142,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(90102011);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000018604);国家自然科学基金项目(30060004)资助。

摘　　要：土壤是维持陆地生态系统功能和持续性的至关重要的有限资源。土壤质量和土壤健康与农牧业的可持续发展和环境质量的改善息息相关。土壤健康可简单定义为:“土壤作为一个动态生命系统具有的维持其功能的持续能力”。土壤微生物是土壤生物区系的关键性功能要素,一些微生物学参数可以综合判断土壤健康状况。文中提出土壤健康评价的指标体系可区分为土壤中微生物的量、活性、多样性和功能性4个方面,其中与微生物生物量水平相关的基本指标和衍生参数可成为土壤健康的敏感性量化指标,并有潜力作为土壤生态系统受污染和胁迫的预警性监测指标。Soil is a vital and finite resource on earth critical to maintenance of the functions and sustainability of the terrestrial ecosystem. Soil quality and health is closely related to sustainable development of the agriculture and animal husbandry and quality of the environment. Soil health can be briefly defined as： ＂the enduring capacity of a soil of functioning as a vital living system＂. Soil microbe is a key functional factor in soil biota, some microbiological parameters can be cited as general biological indicators for assessing soil health. The index system for assessing soil health can be divided into four aspects, i.e. quantity, activity, diversity and functionality of soil microbe. Especially some basic indexes and derived parameters related to microial biomass can be used as sensitive and quantitive bioindicators in monitoring and evaluating soil health, and as potential indicators for early warning of contamination and stresses of a soils ecosystem.

关 键 词：土壤健康 土壤生物学质量 生物指标 微生物生物量 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]