不同遮阴度对几种牧草生长的影响  

Effects of Shading Treatment on the Growth of Several Herbage Species

作　　者：王娟[1] 林磊[1] 向杨[1] 王俊[1] 郑军[1] 李伟[1] 胡庭兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学园艺学院,四川省林业生态工程省级重点实验室,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2006年第2期72-76,共5页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技部"十五"重大科技攻关项目"四川盆地低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理试验与示范"(2001BA606A-06)资助;四川省学科建设项目(2003-2004)资助

摘　　要：针对川西低山丘陵欧农业产业结构调整和退耕还林中发展林草、粮草复合种植模式的需要,对扁穗牛鞭草、紫花苜蓿、多年生黑麦草、菊苣和鸭茅在不同遮阳条件下的生长状况进行了对比实验,结果表明:(1)由于各草种具有不同的生理特性,其生长指标变化各异。(2)在光饱和点内扁穗牛鞭草的光合速率随光照强度的增加而增大。(3)牧草的生物量随遮阴度的增加而表现了不同的规律性,扁穗牛鞭草在全光照条件下生物量最高,夏季一定的遮阴程度有利于提高多年生黑麦草和鸭茅的生物量。黑麦草在第一次刈割时,在遮阴度为46%时生物量最高,在第二次刈割时遮阴度24%时生物量最高。表明黑麦草在遮阴条件下,随刈割次数的增加,产量相应有所下降。鸭茅在遮阴度15%时生物量处于最高水平。(4)遮阴状态下,杂草对牧草的生长有较大的侵扰作用,空心莲子草对牧草的侵入能力最强。在扁穗牛鞭草试验小区内,空心莲子草的数量随遮阴度的增加而增加,从而抑制了扁穗牛鞭草的正常生长;在紫花苜蓿试验小区,一定遮阴度下空心莲子草的生长明显优于牧草;而在鸭茅小区,空心莲子草对其生长影响并不大。The comparison experiments on the growth of Hemarthria compressa, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Cichorium intybus and Medicago sativa under different shades were conducted from June to August in 2004. The results are as follows： （1）The herbage species show different growth indexes because of their different physiological traits. （2）The photosynthesis rate of Hemarthria compressa increases alorg with the increment of light intensity within Light Satration Point. （3）The biomass of different species also suggests different regularity with the change of shading level. Hemarthria compressa has the highest biomass under full sunlight, while a certain shade during summer is favorable to increasing the biomass of Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata, and the biomass of Dactylis glomerata reaches the highest under the shade of 15% （85% of full sunlight）. Cichorium intybus has the highest biomass under the shade of 46 % in the first cutting and under the shade of 24 % in the second cutting. This shows that in the same condition, the biomass of Cichorium intybus decreases with the increase of cutting times. The higher the shade is , the more apparent it appears. （4）Weeds block the growth of some herbag philazeroides has the greatest invading ability among e species under shading condition. Alternanthera all weeds in the along with the shade increasing in the area of Hemarthria compressa so that the growth of the herbage was restricted. It is also found that the weeds are superior to Meclicago sativa in shading area,but it has little influence on the growth of Dactylis glomerata.

关 键 词：牧草 遮阴度 扁穗牛鞭草 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]