辽西易旱区不同耕作方式对土壤物理性能的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Ways on Soil Physical Capability in Western Semi Arid Area of LiaoNing Province

作　　者：张雯[1] 侯立白[1] 张斌 王国骄[1] 蒋文春[1] 贾燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]彰武县农机局,辽宁彰武123200

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2006年第3期149-153,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：项目来源于农业部彰武农牧交替带生态农业建设与示范;彰武保护性耕作效果监测

摘　　要：比较了不同耕作方式对土壤水分、温度、容重、孔隙性状和养分的影响。结果表明,保护性耕作有抑制蒸发保墒作用,分别表现在苗期0-20cm土层以及作物生长发育后期40cm以下土层,提高了水分利用率,其中留茬覆盖可以比传统耕作提高16.53%,增产幅度可达13.56%;保护性耕作的土壤温度低于传统耕作,尤其留茬覆盖表现最为明显,其降低土壤温度的效应主要发生在苗期和土壤表层;保护性耕作方式提高了毛管孔隙度,提高了涵养水分的作用,但土壤容重的增加影响作物的播种和出苗;保护性耕作对土壤有机质和速效养分的变化有着一定的影响,但各种方式间差异不显著;在辽宁省西部干旱和半干旱地区建议采用以留茬覆盖为主的保护性耕作方式。The influence of different tillage ways on soil moisture, temperature, pore properties and nutrients were conducted comparatively. The results showed that conservation tillage to play the role of water evaporation- controlling and water-conservation were separately on the soil layer of 0 to 20 cm during seedling ,and under 40 cm depth during the later growth . It could improve the WUE and yield by 16. 53% and 13.56 % when remaining stubble and straw covering . Soil temperature of conservation tillage was lower than traditional tillage when remaining stubble and straw covering which occurred mostly on the soil layer and during seedling. Conservation tillage improved soil capillary porosity degree which could storage water, but increased the soil bulk density which could affect sowing and emergence. Soil organic matter and available nutrients were influenced by different treatments of conservation tillage, but no significant different among them. Remaining of stubble and straw covering was suggested to be adopted in western arid and semi-arid areas of Liaoning province.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 留茬覆盖免耕 土壤水分 土壤孔隙性状 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]