茂名油页岩废渣场土壤动物的种类组成及其多样性  

Species composition and diversity of soil animals in oil shale dump in Maoming, Guangdong Province

作　　者：李健雄[1] 廖崇惠[1] 杨悦屏[1] 刘世忠[2] 柯宏华[3] 

机构地区：[1]广东省昆虫研究所,广州510260 [2]中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州510650 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司茂名分公司环保处,广东省茂名市525011

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第4期989-998,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广东省环保局科技研究开发资助项目(200107);茂名石化公司科研资助项目;广东省科技厅计划项目(C20403;2003C201035)资助项目~~

摘　　要：研究不同生态改造状况下,茂名市油页岩废渣场的土壤动物种类组成及其多样性。研究样地分别设在1985年形成并同时植树造林和1992年形成后刚开始种树的两个废渣场(南排和北排)上。研究的土壤动物包括手拣法和干漏斗法收集的以大、中型为主的类群。动物分类至科或属,只有很小的部分分类至目(如唇足纲)或分类至种(如等足目等)。本研究共获得11164号标本(分属27目,110科属),并根据此样本进行分析:在土壤动物种类组成方面,分别在群落和类群两个层面上,分析样地间的差异;在土壤动物的多样性方面,除用Shannon指数(H′)进行样地间种类多样性比较外,还用以类群为基础的DGg指数,及以种类为基础的DGs指数,分别进行样地间的比较。主要结果:(1)在只有幼树的北排废渣场,获得土壤动物9目33科属;在南排废渣场中,经过约20a自然恢复的草地及种植约20a的大叶相思林地,分别获得23目67科属和23目61科属。(2)以种类为基础的DGs指数,3个样地分别为4.0、17.7和16.7。显示出北排的土壤动物种类组成简单,多样性很低;南排的两个样地,土壤动物的种类组成都较复杂,多样性较高而且很相近。但是,(3)以类群为基础的DGg指数,则南排的两个样地可分高低:大叶相思林为7.75,稍高于草地的7.20;此外,作为环境质量的甲螨指数(甲螨个体数蜱螨类总个体数),也是前者(0.93)高于后者(0.73)。因此,从实际上看,人工纯林对土壤改造效果应比草地要好一些,但还不是最理想的。The oil shale dump in Maoming, Guangdong, has been a great social problem on environmental pollution and destruction so that great attention has been paid to its ecological restoration and reconstruction. The objective of this study was to investigate the species composition of soil fauna and its diversity in oil shale dump after the application of different ecological restoration approaches in the past in order to understand the biological effect of different ecological restoration approaches. Three plots were set on oil shale dump near Maoming city： ＂North plot＂ was a newly-planted mixed young forest with various tree species, ＂south plot＂ was a 20-year-old Acacia auriculaeformis forest, and the ＂control plot＂ was a 20-year-old naturally-recovering grassland. Soil animals, mainly including macro-meso groups, were collected by methods of hand-sorting and Tullgren funnel extraction and were identified into family or genus level, with only a small portion into order （ e. g. Chllopeda） level or into species （ e. g. Isopoda） level. The total number of samples obtained in the present study was 11,164 individuals, which belonged to 27 orders and 110 families or genera. Shannon index （H′）, DGs （based on species） and DGg （based on groups） were used to analyze the diversity difference of soil animals between different plots. The major results were ： （1）North plot： 33 families or genera belonging to 9 orders were found in this plot. The main Group was Caritermes, accounting for 63.4% of total; next was Tetramorrium, 21.3 %; Hymenoptera, mainly Formicidae, has more genera than others, accounting for 80% of the whole genera in this group. Diversity of soil animal in this plot was very low because that H′ index was only 1.2 and the DGs index and DGg index were 4.0 and 1.3, respectively. （2）South plot： 61 families or genera belonging to 23 orders found in this plot; and Malmcoangelia and Tetramorium were the main groups, accounting for 60.3 % and 10.2 %, respectively. Two

关 键 词：土壤动物 种类组成 多样性 油页岩废渣场 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]