保护性耕作条件下旱地农田麦豆双序列轮作体系的水分动态及产量效应  

Effects of conservation tillage on soil moisture and crop yield in a phased rotation system with spring wheat and field pea in dryland

作　　者：黄高宝[1] 郭清毅[1] 张仁陟[2] 逄蕾[1] GuangdiLI KwongYinCHAN 于爱忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 [2]甘肃农业大学资源环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 [3]NSW Department of Primary Industry,Wagga Wagga,NSW 2650,Australia [4]NSW Department of Primary Industry,Richmond,NSW 2753,Australia

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第4期1176-1185,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：澳大利亚国际农业研究中心(ACIAR)合作项目(SMCN(LWR2)1999094)~~

摘　　要：保护性耕作(conservationtillage)能够减少水土流失、提高耕地产量,是一类具有生态保护意义的持续性农业耕作形式。2002年至2004年在定西旱地农业地区进行了保护性耕作条件下旱地农田春小麦豌豆双序列轮作土壤水分动态及产量效应的试验研究,结果表明:保护性耕作能够显著改善0～200cm土层土壤贮水量及含水量,随着降水量的增多土壤对降水的保蓄能力增强。在降水较少年份免耕秸秆覆盖的这种作用表现突出,而在降水充沛的年份免耕地膜覆盖则更具优势。耕层土壤水分因受降水等因素的影响而变化剧烈,耕层以下土壤水分变幅相对较小。播种期、五叶期及收获期土壤具有较高含水量,而开花期土壤含水量则较低。在两种轮作体系中,播种期春小麦和豌豆免耕秸秆覆盖处理0～50cm土层含水量分别较常规耕作增加28%、26%和11%、23%,降水生产效率较常规耕作提高了17.79%～26.81%。在春小麦豌豆轮作体系中免耕秸秆覆盖处理的作物产量(春小麦+豌豆)及水分利用效率分别为3420kghm2和8.11kg(hm2·mm),较常规耕作分别提高26.81%和25.39%。Conservation tillage can reduce water and soil erosion and improve crop yields, it is a kind of sustainable farming system which is beneficial for the environment. Effects of conservation tillage on soil water dynamic and crop yield in a phased rotation systems with spring wheat and field pea were studied in dryland in the middle of the Loess Plateau, Dingxi, Gansu from 2002 to 2004. Results showed that conservation tillage increased soil water storage and soil moisture in 0 ～ 200 cm depth as the rainfall increased. This effect was more obvious on no-tillage with straw cover in the drier years, and on no-tillage with plastic mulch in the deep depth. The soil moisture at top soil varied greatly with precipitation and other climatic factors, whereas soil moisture in the deep soil was rather stable. Soil moisture was higher at the current rotation system, soil moisture content of 0 ～ 50 seeding stage, 5-leave stage and harvesting, but lower at anthesis. In cm was 28% ,26% and 11% ,23% higher on no-tillage with straw cover than conventional tillage for spring wheat and field pea respectively. As the result, the precipitation productive efficiency on no-tillage with straw cover increased by 17.79% ～ 26.81% compared with conventional tillage. In the current spring wheat and field pea rotation system, the combined crop yields reached 3 420 kg/hm^2 and water use efficiency 8.11 kg/（hm^2·mm） on the no-tillage with straw cover treatment, which was 26.81% and 25.39 % higher than conventional tillage treatment, respectively.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 旱地 双序列轮作 水分动态 水分利用效率(WUE) 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S643.3