玉米鼠耳病及其介体二点叶蝉研究进展  

The research progress on maize wallaby ear disease and its vector leafhopper Cicadulina bipunctella(Mats)

作　　者：李小珍[1] 刘映红[1] 青玲[1] 李雪燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学植物保护学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第4期1270-1279,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30070504)~~

摘　　要：玉米鼠耳病(Maize wallabyeardisease,MWED)是由介体昆虫二点叶蝉Cicadulina bipunctella(Mats)、Cicadulina bimaculata(Evans)以及Nesocluthapallida(Evans)传播的一种重要系统性植物病害。该病最早发生在澳大利亚昆士兰,20世纪80年代以来在我国四川、贵州省和重庆市的多个县(市)爆发,近年来又在日本九州、冲绳等地区发生,均造成了严重的经济损失。玉米鼠耳病的发生发展与介体叶蝉源的生物学和生态学特性、传毒规律、玉米品种、玉米生育期、环境条件以及栽培措施等密切相关。因此,切断传播途径、减少毒原、栽培抗性品种、选择合理的栽培措施是有效降低该病发生危害的重要措施。从玉米鼠耳病的发生发展、病原,介体二点叶蝉源的生物学和生态学特性、传毒规律以及防治措施等方面综述了国内外二点叶蝉及玉米鼠耳病的研究现状,以期为玉米鼠耳病及其介体叶蝉的研究与防治工作提供参考。Maize wallaby ear disease （MWED）, an important plant disease which was reported in Queensland, Australia for the first time, has broken out in Sichuan, Guizhou provinces and Chongqing district since the 1980s. In Nanchong Sichuan, the total area covered by MWED and the yield loss of maize is 10,600 hectares and 4,800,000 kg in 1988 respectively, and in Guizhou province it reached to 824 hectares in 1999. Subsequently, the disease has broken out in Chongqing district on several occasions and caused serious economic losses in the production of maize. The biological and ecological characteristics and the transmission of virus by Cicadulina bipunctella（Mats） as well as the development and control methods of MWED are reviewed in this paper. MWED is transmitted effectively by three leafhoppers C. bipunctella, C. bimaculata （ Evans ） and Nesoclutha pallida （ Evans）. Plants with a severe infection have a stiff and erect appearance and develop numerous galls often covering all secondary veins on most or all leaves. These plants rarely recover, but die early or remain severely stunted and yield very little or no grain. Other than the leafhoppers transmitting MWED, the development of the disease is also influenced by temperature, humidity and maize varieties. The optimum conditions for the disease are （28 ± 1 ） ℃, RH 75 % ～ 90 %, and most varieties are susceptible. The MWED disease index has a peak which lasts for almost 20 days from the last 10 days of May to the first 10 days of June in each year. It is still not clear whether the disease agent is a virus or an insect toxin. C. bipunctella, the dominant species transmitting MWED in China, has 5 nymph instars and overwinters as adults. The population on gramineous crops and weeds shows such behavior as high preference to illumination and preference to green leaves.It has three generations per year in northern Sichuan and brings on the reduction of output for maize mainly by the overwintering generation and the first generation. The density of

关 键 词：二点叶蝉 玉米鼠耳病 传播 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]