精神科开放式病房病人自杀危险因素调查  

The Risk Factor of Suicide in Patients from Open Ward of Mental Health Service

作　　者：李小麟[1] 黄雪花[1] 王启会[1] 陈婷[1] 段芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《华西医学》2006年第2期374-376,共3页West China Medical Journal

摘　　要：开放式精神科病房预防病人自杀自伤是护理管理中非常重要的内容之一。本文针对开放式住院病人的自杀危险因素调查，发现抑郁症占开放式病房住院总数的48．2％，开放式病人自杀危险评分为14．33±8．08，中度自杀危险性病人占29．5％，高度自杀危险性病人占15．8％。男女病人之间的自杀危险因素无显著差异（P〉0．05）；总自杀危险在51～60岁和21～30岁段评分最高，但P〉0．05，无统计学差异；在各类自杀危险因素中，病人的自杀观念的评分最高2．33±2．06，有63．6％的病人存在自杀观念，其次是自杀企图（1．18±1．89，32．7％的病人存在）和无助、无望、自我评价低。在第二类危险因素中，病人的焦虑情绪评分较高0．87±0．67，而且70．9％的病人存在焦虑情绪。另外，自杀危险因素与年龄、诊断、职业、病程和婚姻有关，P〈0．05或P〈0．01。其中，第二类危险因素与年龄有关，P〈0．0l，第三类危险因素与诊断、住院次数和职业有关，P〈0．05。上述结果提示，开放式精神科病房应高度重视病人的自杀危险，根据病人自杀危险的高危因素，开展针对性的预防，以保障病人的安全。It is an important job to prevent patients＇ suicide in open ward of mental health service. The survey indicates that the depression patients are 48.2% of all the patients in the open ward. Patients in open ward have high risk of suicide. The result shows that the score of the suicide risk of the patients in open ward is 14.33 ± 8.08, the patients who with middle risk of suicide are 29.5%, the higher risk patients are 15.8%. The factor of suicide are not discrepant remarkable between male and female patients （ P 〉 0.05）. The score of suicide risk are higher in the patients who are 51 - 60 years old and 21 ± 30, but the result do not have statistical difference （ P 〉 0.05）. In all the suicide risk factor, the suicide idea of patients get highest score （2.33 ± 2.06）. About 63.6% patients have suicide idea. The second risk factor, such as suicide attempt, hopeless, helpless and worthless are also important suicide risk factors （of all the patients surveyed 32.7% have suicide idea, the score is 1.18 ±1.89）, in these factors, 70.9% of the patients have anxiety, the score is 0.87 ± 0.67. Suicide risk factors was linked to age, diagnoses, vocation, the course of diseases and marriage status （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. The second risk factor was link to age （ P 〈 0.01 ）, the third risk factor have relation with diagnose, vocation and the times of hospitalization （ P 〈 0.05）. All the results show that the open ward of mental health service should pay attention to suicide risk of patients. The administrators should prevent the patients from suicide to protect their security.

关 键 词：精神病人 开放病房 自杀危险 

分 类 号：R473.74[医药卫生—护理学]