饥饿对半滑舌鳎仔鱼生长和发育的影响  

Effects of starvation on the growth and development of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther larvae

作　　者：吴莹莹[1] 柳学周[1] 马爱军[1] 徐永江[1] 王清印[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所

出　　处：《海洋水产研究》2006年第2期87-93,共7页Marine Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家863高技术研究发展计划项目(2002AA603011和2004AA603320);青岛市自然科学基金项目(052JC59);农业部水生动物遗传育种和养殖生物学重点开放实验室共同资助

摘　　要：实验室条件下,利用观察行为变化、测量记录外部形态特征和组织切片等方法研究了饥饿条件下半滑舌鳎仔鱼(初孵仔鱼,10,16d)的存活与生长特征、卵黄利用、鳔的发育、消化系统和游泳行为的变化。结果表明,仔鱼对饥饿的行为反应可分为3个阶段,即表层集群游动觅食阶段,缓慢游动反应迟钝阶段和外部形态变化并多数伏底静止阶段。饥饿条件下,初孵仔鱼、10和16d仔鱼的全部死亡时间分别为13、8和11d;半数死亡时间分别为7.8、3.5和7.4d,说明10d仔鱼阶段为半滑舌鳎早期发育阶段中较为敏感的阶段;饥饿会延缓初孵仔鱼对卵黄的利用速率;随着饥饿时间的延伸,鳔的体积与正常条件下仔鱼鳔的体积差异显著(P<0.05),但对仔鱼开鳔时间和最终开鳔率无影响。组织切片观察表明,饥饿条件下仔鱼肠道绒毛和上皮细胞高度下降;肝脏细胞主要为核占据细胞质几乎消失。外部形态上,饥饿仔鱼体长较短,头大且身体窄瘦,肩胛骨异常突出,肠极度收缩,长期饥饿后所有仔稚鱼具有脑后部下陷的共同特征,可以作为早期仔鱼饥饿的标志。根据饥饿仔鱼行为学和形态学的变化,可以初步地评价半滑舌鳎早期发育阶段的营养水平,从而为人工育苗中正确指导投饵提供依据。Studies were conducted to examine the effects of starvation on survival, growth, crown-like larval fin, yolk sac and swim bladder, organs and swimming behavior of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gtinther larve with 1 d, 10 d and 16 d age at laboratory conditions. The results showed that survival rate of larvae varied with the developmental stages, 1 d, 10 d and 16 d larvae were suffered death after 13, 8 and 11 days starvation,respectively and the halfdeath time of the larve were 7.8 d,3.5 d,7.4 d accordingly, which indicated that the 10 d larvae stage is more sensitive to starvation in the early life stage. Starvation delayed the yolk sac consumption rate,and swim bladder volume was significantly smallar than that of normal larvae in control group （P〈0.05）. Routine histological observation showed that starvation resulted in decline of the height of intestine villus and epithelial starvated,and hepatocytes plasm nearly disappeard while nucleus occupied the most part of the liver cell. Larvae had shorter soma length, bigger head and thin body, with abnormal outstanding scapula, seriously shrunk digestive organs as absered morphologicaly after a period of food deprivation. Gerarally, posterior part of brain cupped after long-time starvation, which could be regarded as an indicator for starvation of larvae. The behavioral responses of C. semilaevis larvae to starvation might be divided into 3 stages： Schooling in the surface water, swimming and forging; slowly swimming in the water column with obtuse reaction to exterior stresses; morphological transformation and most larvae resting in the water bottom. According to the change in behavior and morphology of larvae , primary trophic evaluation on C. semilaevis at early developmental stages could be derived, and proper diet composition and feeding regime be formulated. Results of this study mayprovide necessary data for feed and feeding maragement at early stages of development for C. semilaris larvae young.

关 键 词：半滑舌鳎 仔鱼 饥饿 生长发育 影响 

分 类 号：S965.3[农业科学—水产养殖]