智残儿童康复现状及家庭社会经济因素对其的影响  

Current status of rehabilitation in children with intelligent disability and the impact of the familial and socioeconomic factors

作　　者：孙军玲[1] 季成叶[1] 郑晓英[2] 张致祥[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京市100083 [2]北京大学人口研究所,北京市100871 [3]北京大学第一医院儿科,北京市100034

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2006年第18期29-31,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金："九七三"国家科技部重点攻关课题(2001CB510310);2003年教育部博士点基金课题(20030001043)~~

摘　　要：目的:了解中国智残儿童的康复现状和需求,分析不同社会经济地位家庭儿童的康复特点,为卫生保健的公平分配提供科学依据。方法:以2001年全国0～6岁残疾儿童抽样调查诊断出的智力残疾儿童558人为对象,结合其个人残疾情况和家庭背景,对父亲职业、母亲受教育水平、家庭人均月收入进行评分并组成家庭社会经济因素这一综合评价指标,描述智残儿童的康复现状和需求,分析家庭社会经济因素对它的影响。智残严重度以Gesell评分为准,55～75分为轻度;40～54分为中度;25～39分为重度;<25分为极重度。社会经济因素分层:总分3～5分为社会经济地位下层;6～8分为中下层;9～11分为中上层;12～15分为上层。结果:调查筛选出的智力残疾儿童558人全部进入结果分析。①调查诊断出的智残儿童558人中,轻、中、重度及以上分别占54.7%、25.6%、19.8%。②按家庭社会经济因素由低到高,所占比例依次为45.7%、38%、11.6%和4.7%。不同家庭社会经济因素的儿童之间无年龄差异,而存在性别差异,下层家庭女孩比例较高(46.7%),而上层仅占19.2%。③所有智残儿童都有康复需求,64.5%的智残儿童得到不同形式的康复服务。以家庭为主(占51.6%),其次是特殊机构(25.6%)、普通机构(16.1%)和医院(6.6%)。④家庭人均月收入在200～400元的儿童康复比例最低(53.8%),按收入由低到高的顺序,接受康复的比例依次为70.0%(200元以下),67.7%(401～600元),65.2%(601～800元和800元以上两组合并为一组),差异无显著性意义。中下层家庭的康复比例最低56.1%,其余各层(下层、中上层、上层)孩子的康复服务利用率之间差异无显著性。上层、中上层家庭孩子仅对特殊机构有需求,而下层儿童对普通机构、特殊机构、医院的需求量都相当大,且近一半在家康复的儿童应寻求更高层次的康复服务。结论:小龄智残儿童康复形势严峻,需对�AIM： To understand the rehabilitative status and needs of children with intelligent disability, and analyze the rehabilitative characteristics of children from varied household socioeconomic status, so as to provide scientific evidence for the fair distribution of health care resources. METHODS： Totally 558 children were diagnosed as intelligent disability during the sampling survey on disability in 0-6 years-old children in 2001. Father＇s occupation, mother＇s education and family average monthly income were scored and made up of the comprehensive index of household socioeconomic status. Combining the disabilities and family background, the study described the current status and demands for the rehabilitation services, and analyzed the effect of household socioeconomic status on them. The severity for the intelligent disability followed the standard of Gesell score： 55-75 for mild; 40-54 for moderate; 25-39 for severe; 〈 25 for extremely severe. Stratification for the socioeconomic factor： total score of 3-5 for lower class; 6-8 for lower to middle class; 9-11 for middle to upper class; 12-15 for upper class. RESULTS： All the 558 children with intelligent disability screened in the survey were involved in the analysis of results. ① Of the 558 children with intelligent disability, the proportion for the severity of mild, moderate, severe and above was 54.7%, 25.6% and 19.8% respectively. ② The proportion for the socioeconomic factors from low to higher was 45.7%, 38%, 11.6% and 4.7% respectively. There was no age difference but gender difference among children with different household socioeconomic status, the proportion was higher in girls from families of lower class （46.7%）, but it was only 19.2% in those from upper ones. ③ All the children with intelligent disability had rehabilitative needs, and 64.5% of them received various rehabilitative services, mainly from family （51.6%）, and followed by special institution （25.6%）, ordinary institution （16.1%） and hospital （6.

关 键 词：智力 残疾儿童 康复 卫生服务需求 社会经济因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]