黑龙江帽儿山土壤动物群落组成与多样性分析  

Composition of Soil Fauna Community and its Diversity Analysis at Maoershan Mountains of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：林英华[1] 孙家宝[2] 刘海良[3] 张夫道[4] 孙龙[2] 金森[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091 [2]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [3]吉林长白山国家级自然保护区管理局,安图133613 [4]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《林业科学》2006年第4期71-77,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项资金项目资助项目(2000-177);黑龙江帽儿山森林生态定位站资助项目。

摘　　要：2002年5-9月,采用大型改良干漏斗和手拣法对天然次生针叶林（A）、天然次生混交林（B）、人工针叶林（C）、人工混交林（D）进行调查,共获得干生土壤动物30045只（未鉴定个体24只）,隶属3门10纲21目3亚目56科,其中土层（0～15 cm）7 631只,隶属3门10纲21目3亚目41科,森林凋落物层22 390只,隶属3门10纲21目3亚目50科.土壤动物个体数量和群落类群数在4种林型中均表现为D＞A＞B＞C.土壤动物个体和类群数在同一林型垂直分布现象明显,个体数一般表现为0～5 cm最多,10～15 cm最少,类群均随着土壤剖面层次的加深而递减.多样性指数（H＇）最大值和最小值因群落、月份不同而不同,其相对大小为D＞C＞A＞B,Pielou指数（Js）和辛普森优势度指数（C）总体水平变化与多样性指数相同.Jaccard（q）和Gower系数的分析结果表明,群落组成具有很高的异质性.From May 2002 to Sept. 2002, Soil fauna communities were investigated by modified Tullgren and hand sorting method at natural secondary coniferous forest （A）, natural secondary mixed coniferous and broadleaf stands （B）, artificial coniferous forest（ C）and artificial mixed coniferous and broadleaf stands（D）. 30 045 individual （24 unidentified） of soil fauna had been collected, belonging to 56 familia, 3 superorders, 21 orders, 10 classes, 3 phyla, of which 7 631 collected in soil layer （0 - 15 cm）and 22 390 in litter, which belong to 41 familia, 3 superorders, 21 orders, 10 classes,3 phyla, and 56 familia, 3 superorders, 21 orders, 10 classes,3 phyla, respectively. The number of individuals and communities were both D 〉 A 〉 B 〉 C at 4 types of forest stand, and vertical distribution were significant at the same forest, in generally, the most of individual at 0 - 5 cm and the least at 10 - 15 cm, while the community decreased with the depth of soil. The maximum and minimum of diversity index（H＇） varies with different community and month, and its relative value was D 〉 C 〉 A 〉 B, either did Pielou index（ Js ）and Simpson index as a whole. The result by Jaccard（q） and Gower index analysis indicated composing of community was much more heterogeneous.

关 键 词：土壤动物 群落 多样性 帽儿山 黑龙江省 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]