卵石床面清水冲刷稳定形态及其水流结构试验研究  

Experimental Study on Interrelationship of Flow Structure and Stable Bedform on Clear-water Scour in Gravel-bed Flume

作　　者：王协康[1] 杨青远[1] 王宪业[1] 刘兴年[1] 刘同宦[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]长江科学院河流研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《四川大学学报（工程科学版）》2006年第3期6-12,共7页Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(50409012);武汉大学开放基金资助项目(2004B013)

摘　　要：由于测试手段的局限性,对粗化稳定的水流结构,尤其是河床粗化层不断调整的水流结构变化研究较为缺乏。借用多普勒声速仪(Sontec-ADV)和尼康全站仪(Nikon-DTM),测试了不同水沙组合卵石床面,在清水冲刷条件下的稳定形态及其水流结构。试验表明:在相近的水流条件下,粗化稳定后粗颗粒在床面的暴露程度和排列位置受原始铺沙与前期粗化程度的影响。清水冲刷卵石推移质输沙过程、稳定形态及其相应的水流结构具有较强的相互作用关系。在一定的水沙、床面形态条件下,平均流速分布沿相对水深的变化可由单一的对数分布转变为S形曲线,且其流速极值转捩位置也受水沙及床面形态条件的影响。The process of clear-water scour is very usual phenomena in natural river. So far, most of the previous studies mainly aim at the calculation of bed armoring layer and process of sediment transport with the action of the flow scour. However, there has been very little attention paid to the flow structure, in particular, the changes of flow structure among different armoring levels for the limitation of monitoring setups. The stable bedform and flow structure on the clear-water scour in gravel-bed flume have been measured by means of acoustic doppler velocimeter （Sontec-ADV） and Nikon-DTM. The results show there is a close relationship among flow, bedload transport, bed material and bedform. The distribution of coarse surface on the armoring layer was affected by the initial bed and its armoring degree with the closely experimental condition. The mean velocity profile may be changed from the logarithmic velocity distribution to the S-shaped curve along relative water depth direction because of the changes of impacted factors, in addition, there is a very good interrelationship between the maximum of turbulence kinetic energy （TKE） and the minimum of mean velocity, but the transitional region and detail location were strongly related to the experimental conditions of flow, sediment and bedform.

关 键 词：清水冲刷 稳定形态 水流结构 卵石河床 

分 类 号：TV133[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV142