“剩余品”时代美国的对外粮食援助政策  

U.S. Food Aid Policy during the “Surpluses” Era

作　　者：王慧英[1] 

机构地区：[1]湛江师范学院思想政治系

出　　处：《世界历史》2006年第2期12-20,共9页World History

摘　　要：内容自20世纪20年代起,农产品过剩问题一直困扰着美国。二战后初期,这一问题危及美国的农业安全。为处理剩余粮食,美国制定了《1954年农产品贸易开发与援助法》,即480公法,以无偿与有偿援助等方式对外提供粮食,从而开启了制度化的对外粮食援助计划。50年代末,美国将该计划命名为“以粮食换和平”计划,以突出利用粮食援助拉拢第三世界国家、遏制共产主义的功能。处理剩余农产品和为冷战遏制战略服务,成为这一时期美国对外粮食援助政策的两大目标。America had been harassed by the serious surpluses of farm product since 1920s. During the earlier years after World War Ⅱ they endangered American agricultural security. In order to deal with those surpluses, the United States enacted the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, i.e. Public Law 480, which gave food aid to non-communist countries and started the systemization of foreign food aid program. In the late 1950s the American government renamed this program as Food for Peace Program to emphasize food aid’s function of drawing the Third World countries to its side.

关 键 词：美国 农产品过剩 冷战 对外粮食援助政策 联合国组织 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]