痔病患者术后疼痛流行病学调查及相关因素分析  

Epidemiologic Investigation on Postoperative Pain of Hemorrhoidal Patients and Analysis of Its Relative Factors

作　　者：李贵信[1] 王默非[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省德州市人民医院肛肠科,山东德州253014

出　　处：《中国肛肠病杂志》2006年第4期24-26,共3页Chinese Journal of Coloproctology

摘　　要：总结痔病术后疼痛的规律及流行病学特点，为肛门病术后镇痛提供临床指导。随机选择200例痔病住院手术患者，分成镇痛组100例，伤口皮内及皮下注射复方亚甲蓝长效镇痛剂；对照组100例，不应用长效镇痛剂。进行问卷调查，并结合临床资料进行综合分析。结果显示，痔病术后疼痛与患者的年龄、痔病种类、镇痛方法的选择、手术后排便、换药时对伤口的刺激及护理指导等密切相关。手术后12h内疼痛最重，7d后疼痛逐渐缓解。结果表明，影响痔病等肛门病手术后疼痛的原因复杂，包括个体因素、疾病因素、医护因素等。减轻术后疼痛：（1）采取综合措施。选择合理的镇痛方法，注意患者的排便、排尿情况，及时预防和处理排便、换药尤其是手术后的早期疼痛。（2）重视有关疼痛知识的宣教。（3）痔病手术后疼痛时间较长（7d以上），应始终注意及时正确的疼痛护理。The aim of this study was to summary the regularity and epidemiologic features of postoperative pain of hemorrhoidal patients. 200 patients with hemorrhoids in hospital were random selected and divided into two groups：analgesia group and controlled group（100 cases, each group）. Analgesia group was subjected to long-acting analgesics compound methylthionine in wound intracutaneously and hypodermicly;while controlled group did not been. Then the results of both groups were investigated by inquiry file and comprehensively analysed combined with clinical data. Results showed that postoperative pain was closely related with age of patients, patterns of hemorrhoids, different analgesia methods, stimulation of postoperative defecation and dressing,as well as corresponding nursing direction. Pain was severe later 12h after operation,and relieved 7 days latter gradually. It is seen that the causes influencing the pain included several factor such as individual,disease,and medical ＆ nursing,etc. In order to decrease postoperative pain it should be that （1） adopting combined measures：rational selection of analgesia methods; noticing the status of defecation and urination,and timely preventing and managing the pain during defecation and dressing, especially early postoperative pain. （2） attach importance to education on the knowledge of pain. （3） since lasting time of postoperative pain is longer（〉7 days）,timely and correct nursing for pain should he noticed thoroughly.

关 键 词：痔 外科手术 术后疼痛 流行病学 

分 类 号：R657.18[医药卫生—外科学] R18[医药卫生—临床医学]