摩擦微观能量耗散机理的复合振子模型研究  

Composite oscillator model for the energy dissipation mechanism of friction

作　　者：许中明[1] 黄平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械工程学院,广州510640

出　　处：《物理学报》2006年第5期2427-2432,共6页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(批准号:04020089)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：提出无磨损界面摩擦微观能量耗散机理的复合振子模型,指出滑动摩擦过程同时存在整体做低频弹性振动的宏观振子和界面原子受激励产生热振动的微观振子,并在此基础上分析了宏观振子和微观振子对摩擦能量耗散的不同影响.通过对界面原子的动力学分析,指出摩擦过程界面激励力的频率是能量转换的关键:在平衡力作用阶段,界面作用力的频率趋于零,因而可以直接作用到每个原子,力的作用效果是整体和均匀的;在失稳跳跃阶段,由于界面激励力的频率极高,造成摩擦界面原子获得的能量分布很不均匀,从而产生不可逆的能量耗散过程.与目前通用的独立振子模型比较,复合振子模型能够更准确描述摩擦能量耗散过程,可为摩擦控制提供理论指导.A composite oscillator model is proposed for studying energy dissipation mechanism of atomic-scale weadess friction. The model consists of the whole macroscopic oscillator and the micro oscillators of interracial atoms. Different influences of the two oscillators on the energy dissipation process of friction are discussed. It is found that the frequency of the interracial excitation force is the key to energy conversion in the friction process by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of interracial atoms. In the equilibrium stage, the interracial force acts integrally and uniformly on each atom because its frequency is nearly zero. In the non-equilibrium stage, however, the distribution of the energy received by the interracial atoms is not uniform because the frequency of the interracial acting force is very high. Therefore, the extra energy may be easily transferred to the adjacent atoms to make the energy dissipate. The results show that the composite oscillator model can more clearly explain the energy dissipation mechanism of friction in detail.

关 键 词：摩擦 能量耗散机理 复合振子模型 独立振子模型 

分 类 号：O441.6[理学—电磁学]