臭氧对原位条件下水稻叶片光合、穗部性状及产量构成的影响  

Effect of Ozone on Photosynthesis of Rice Leaves,Ear Character and Yield Component in Situe

作　　者：谢居清[1] 郑启伟[2] 王效科[2] 张保军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2006年第3期27-30,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(2002CB410803)

摘　　要：利用开顶式气室(OTCs)研究了4个水平的O3处理:过滤(charcoal filter air CF)、2×10-6mol/L(A处理)、4×10-6mol/L(B处理)和8×10-6mol/L(C处理)对原位条件下水稻叶片光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、穗部性状和产量构成的影响。结果表明,随着臭氧浓度的升高,水稻叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率显著降低(P<0.05);稻穗的一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗长、穗粒数明显下降(P<0.05),而小花败育率则显著上升(P<0.05);有效穗数和产量明显降低,千粒重变化不大;收获系数在低浓度O3条件下略高于CF,C处理降低7.6%;相对于CF,A处理、B处理和C处理的水稻产量分别下降了28.7%、31.8%和57.9%。由试验结果可以看出臭氧对水稻的影响是多方面的,特别是高浓度的臭氧对穗部的一次枝梗和二次枝梗分化的影响比较显著,从而影响到水稻的产量构成和产量。Field study was carried out by using open top chamber （OTCs）, Rice （Oryza Sativa. L） was screen for their photosynthesis rate（Pn）,transpiration rate（Tr）, stomatal conductance（Gs）, ear character and yield component relative sensitivity to ozone by exposing seedling to charcoal- filtered air （CF）,A treatment, B treatment, C treatment. Results revealed that. with ozone concentration rising, Pn, Tr, Gs, the trend of numbers of the primary rachis, numbers of the secondary rachis, length of ear, per panicle total grain decreased. No significant change was detected about weight of one thousand grain of rice under four ozone exposures. But the percentage of abortive pollen increased remarkably. Besides, harvest indexes of rice under exposure to A treatment and B treatment were slight higher than that of CF, and that the index of rice under exposure to C treatment was slight lower than that of CF. Compared to the CF treatment, A treatment, B treatment , C treatments caused a 28.7%, 31.8% and 57.8% decrease in grain yield respectively . From all above, we can see that the effects of the ozone on rice are many aspects, especially , the effect of the high concentration ozone on the differentiation of the primary rachis and the secondary rachis is distinct. So it affects the grain yield and the yield component.

关 键 词：原位 臭氧 水稻 光合速率 穗部性状 产量构成 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]