西北半湿润渠灌区作物节水高效种植制度  

Water-saving and Efficient Cropping System in Northwest Semi-humidity Irrigation Area

作　　者：梁银丽[1] 曹导叶[2] 由海霞[1] 徐福利[1] 汪有科[1] 杜社妮[1] 熊亚梅[1] 陈甲瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省科技信息研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2006年第3期50-53,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院水土保持研究领域前沿项目(SW04302);中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX1-06-02);国家863项目(2002AA6Z3211)资助

摘　　要：对半湿润渠灌区农田系统中作物不同种植制度用水量、产品生产力、经济生产力以及水分利用效率的研究表明，种植系统类型和种植制度不同，水分利用效率差异明显。露地栽培的粮-粮系统用水量较高．经济用水效率最低；粮-菜系统用水量和经济用水效率居中；菜-菜系统用水量较低，经济用水效率最高。节水效果粮-菜系统达27．4％～44．2％，菜-菜系统达60．0％～62．1％。在粮-菜系统中，小麦黄瓜种植系统的经济收入及经济用水效率最高，其次是小麦辣椒系统，而甘蓝-玉米系统的经济收入及经济用水效率最低。在菜-菜系统中，黄瓜-黄瓜的种植制度要比青笋-番茄的节水效果好，其经济用水效率也高。为保持土地生产力可持续性及增加经济收入，应采用轮作种植制度，如黄瓜-豆角、青笋-番茄等。在粮-菜系统中，小麦-辣椒系统作业方便，效益也好。The experiment results showed that there is significant WUE difference because different cropping system. The water used was higher and economic WUE was lower in food-food system in field cropping condition, the water used and economic WUE was middle in food vegetable system, and the water-used was lower and economic WUE was higher in vegetable-vegetable system in plastic film shed greenhouse. Water-saving efficient was 27. 4%-44. 2% in food-vegetable system, 62. 1%- 66.3% in vegetable-vegetable system. In food-vegetable system, wheat（Triticum L. ）-cucumber （Cucumis stativus L. ） system got highest economic income and economic WUE, the second was wheatpepper （Capsicum frutescens） system, the lowest economic income and economic WUE was got in cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata）-corn（Maize）. In vegetable-vegetable system, cucumbercucumber system got higher water-saving efficient and economic WUE than that of lettuce （Lactuca sativa）-tomato （Lycoper）icum esculentum） system, but in order to keep soil productivity sustainable and increase income, rational rotation system should be used, for example, cucumber-bean, lettuce-tomato. In food vegetable system, wheat-pepper system was recommended to extension in large area because easy production and good economic income.

关 键 词：节水高效 种植制度 可持续发展 半湿润渠灌区 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]