不同种植年限蔬菜日光温室土壤养分与生物活性研究  

The research on soil nutrition and biology activity in the sunlight greenhouse of different cultivation years

作　　者：赵小宁[1] 吕家珑[1] 柏延芳[1] 薛泉宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2006年第3期54-59,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省农业攻关项目(2003K03-G8-02)

摘　　要：2004--2005连续2a对陕西省杨凌区不同种植年限蔬菜大棚土壤的养分含量和生物活性进行观测，以分析其变化情况。结果表明，在1-6．a与2-7a的大棚中，土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等含量均比同区位农田有所增加，而土壤pH值下降明显；土壤硝酸盐含量随棚龄的增加而增加；且硝态氪沿土壤剖面（尤其是种植2a以上的大棚）垂直方向有向下迁移的趋势。蔬菜大棚土壤微生物数量多少为：细菌〉放线菌〉真菌，使用年限高的土壤，微生物总含量一般较高，细菌和真菌的含量随棚龄的增加有所增加；放线菌在0-40cm处的总含量比露地要高，而在棚龄大的棚中（7a）的值并不是很高；磷酸酶，脲酶和过氧化氢酶含量均大干露地，脲酶含量在3a棚龄大棚中的含量达到高峰然后随棚龄增加减少。过氧化氢酶在2004年随棚龄逐渐增大，而在2005年则相反，碱性磷酸酶含量随着棚龄的增加而增加。The nutrient accumulation in soil profiles in sunlight greenhouse and the nitrate content and the microorganism number were determined. In sunlight greenhouse from one to six years and two to seven years, it was found the nutrient accumulation in .soil profiles in sunlight greenhouse was almost larger than that of opened fields. With increase of cultivation years, the nitrate content increased significantly. From the nitrate content in soil profiles, we could see that the nitrate eluviation was visible. The relationship of the soil microorganism contents in sunlight greenhouse was as following： bacteria 〉 actinomycetes 〉 fungi. With increase of cultivation years, the soil bacteria and fungi increased. The content of atinomycetes decreased in seven years old greenhouse. The contents of alkaline phosphates, urease and catalase were larger than that of the open fields. The content of alkaline phosphates increased with the increase of cultivation years. The content of urease peaked in 3 years old sunlight greenhouse. The content of catalase was fluctuant. Through the analysis of the different analyzable factor of soil in sunlight greenhouse, we tried to find the reasonable methods of the fertilization and watering.

关 键 词：大棚土壤 土壤养分 PH值 微生物 酶 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]