青海湖裸鲤不同年龄鉴定材料的年轮特征  

ANNULI CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIFFERENT AGEING MATERIALS OF GYMNOCYPRIS PRZEWALSKII PRZEWALSKII(KESSLER)

作　　者：熊飞[1] 陈大庆[2] 刘绍平[2] 段辛斌[2] 史建全[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 [2]农业部淡水鱼类种质资源与生物技术重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,荆州434000 [3]青海省鱼类原种良种场,西宁810016

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2006年第2期185-191,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：青海省科技厅"十五"攻关项目(2001-N-122);淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室项目(2003FB02)资助

摘　　要：通过各种年龄鉴定材料比较研究了青海湖裸鲤的年轮特征。微耳石和星耳石可用于鉴定年龄,而矢耳石易碎,不适合鉴定年龄。4种年龄鉴定材料对青海湖裸鲤年龄的判别能力为:背鳍条>微耳石>臀鳞>脊椎骨。对8龄以下个体,用背鳍条磨片鉴定年龄效果较佳;对8龄以上个体,臀鳞、背鳍条磨片和脊椎骨上的年轮计数明显低于微耳石磨片,微耳石磨片是高龄青海湖裸鲤较为可靠的年龄鉴定材料。Gymnocypr/s przewalskii przewalskii （Kessler）is the only economically important local aquatic animal in the Qinghai Lake,the biggest inland saltwater at the altitude of 3195 meters above the sea lever in China. Because the lake is in the zone of high elevation and severe cold, and the water temperature is rather low , the food organisms in the lake are in paucity. Thus, G. przewalskii przewalskii grows very slowly, and has a small brood amount as well as low survive rate. Since the exploration in 1958, its stock abundance decreased rapidly because of imperfect management and over-large intensity of fishing. At present, G. przewalskii przewalskii is in the danger of depletion, and its depletion will severely destroy the ecological balance of the＂coexistence of fishes and birds＂, resulting in the collapse of the whole ecological system in the Qinghai Lake. Therefore, the saving of G. przewalskii przewalskii is especially important, and a series of researches on the biology and resources assessment were carried out from 2002. In this paper, the annuli characteristics of four kinds of ageing materials of G. przewalskii przewalskii have been described and compared in their usage in age determination. Four hundred and fifty samples of G. przewalskii przewalskii of different size were collected from the Qinghai Lake and the rivers around the lake from May 2002 to February 2003. The ages were identified though the materials of anal scales, otoliths, dorsal fin spines and vertebrae, respectively. The anal scales and vertebrae could be observed directly in transmitted light or reflected light after being washed and dipped in the KOH solution of 0. 5 % concentration, but the otoliths and dorsal fin spines should be sectioned by sand paper to the slices. The lapillus and dorsal fin spine were sectioned to 0. 1 to 0. 2mm thick slices and 0. 5 to 1. 0mm thick slices respectively, and the asteriscus only needed a little section. The sectioned otoliths and dorsal fin spines could be made more transparent by dipping in

关 键 词：年轮特征 臀鳞 背鳍条 脊椎骨 耳石 青海湖裸鲤 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]