0302号(鲸鱼)台风降水和水粒子空间分布的三维结构特征  

3D Structure of Rain and Cloud Hydrometeors for Typhoon Kujira(0302)

作　　者：何会中[1] 程明虎[2] 周凤仙[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《大气科学》2006年第3期491-503,共13页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目40375007;中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室专项2004DA141123

摘　　要：由于缺乏关于台风结构信息的高分辨率资料,即探测台风云系内部结构特征的技术限制,造成了进一步理解台风的动力传送特征的困难。作者用热带测雨卫星(TRMM,Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)的测雨雷达(PR,Precipitation Radar)和TRMM微波图像仪(TMI,TRMM Microwave Imager)资料详细研究了“鲸鱼”台风(0302号)于2003年4月16日1105 UTC的降水和降水云系中各种水粒子的三维结构特征。通过分析发现该时刻:(1)台风降水中大部分区域为层性降水(占总降水面积的85.5%),对流性降水占总降水面积的13.1%,但对流性降水的贡献却达到41.8%,所以,虽然对流性降水所占面积比例很少,但是它对总降水量的贡献却很大。(2)60%降水主要集中在距离台风中心100 km以内的区域,约占总降水量的60%。(3)各种水粒子含量随着与台风中心距离的增加而减少。降水云系中水粒子最大含量出现高度与水粒子的种类和与台风中心的距离有关。最后,分析了台风降水和降水云系中三维分布的成因。Predicting rainfall associated with tropical cyclones is a major challenge, Due to lack of high resnlution daha on typhoon structure, i. e, the technical limitation of detecting the cloud structure of inner-typhoon, it is difficult to further understand its dynamic transportation characteristics. A number of case studies have shown that the precipihation structures in tropical cyclones are quite complex and vary from case to case. Early radar images revealed that the typhoon cyclone rainfall is usually organized in bands spiraling toward the storm center, commonly referred to as rainbands. In this paper, the case of super Typhoon Kujira （0302） occurring in April Z003 is choserL It is located over open water to the north of Papua New Guinea, steadily intensified during the period of TRMM observations and reaches a maximum sustaining wind of 67 m/s identified as class 4. The 3D structure of rain and hydrometeors in rain cloud is studied by use of Visible and Infrared Scanner （VIRS）, Precipitation Radar （PR） and TRMM Microwave Irnager （TMI） data The rain type is studied by use of PR data 2A23. It is found that the stratiform rain covers 85. 5% area and contributes 58. 1% rainfall, the convective rain only covers 13. 1% area but contributes 41.8% rainfall. Though the convective rain only covers smaller area of typhoon rain, it is important for the typhoon rainfall. At the same time, the average rain rate of convective rain is 19. 78 mm/h, but is only 4. 22 mm/h for stratiform rain. The former is about 4. 7 times of the latter. This ratio is more than the average ratio for stratiform and convective over the tropical sea area （average ratio is 3. 3）. The mean rainfall distribution is analyzed by using 21331 data, which is retrieved from combining of PR and TMI products. The mean rainfall distribution is computed using 5-kin annulus from the storm center to a 300-kin radius. It is found that the rain rate decreases as the distance from the typhoon center increases. It is about 60% rain which comes

关 键 词：热带测雨卫星 台风 降水 水粒子 三维结构 

分 类 号：P457[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]