番荔枝属不同品种叶表面微形态的电镜观察  

Observation of leaf surface micro-configuration of different custard apple species with scanning electron microscope

作　　者：陈雪华[1] 邓穗生[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院分析测试中心,海南海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《电子显微学报》2006年第2期162-167,共6页Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院科技基金资助项目

摘　　要：应用扫描电子显微镜对番荔枝属九个番荔枝品种的叶表面角质、蜡质、表皮毛、气孔等微形态进行了观察比较。结果显示:它们之间的叶表面表皮毛、角质、蜡质和气孔等微形态均有较大的差异。秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、无核番荔枝上下表面均具有单列丝状毛,气孔只分布于下表面;普通番荔枝、圆滑番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝叶表面均无表皮毛;秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、普通番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝上下表皮角质呈不规则的岛状突起,而圆滑番荔枝、无核番荔枝表面角质较平,角质膜形状不甚清晰;以上所述番荔枝叶表面都覆盖有密厚的针晶状蜡被;除圆滑番荔枝的气孔有副卫细胞外,其它气孔只有保卫细胞而无副卫细胞;刺番荔枝、山刺番荔枝、牛心番荔枝的叶表皮毛为短棍棒状,其表皮角质细胞呈乳突状或波状突起;山刺番荔枝的棒状毛顶端钝圆,而刺番荔枝与牛心番荔枝的棒状毛顶端尖锐;刺番荔枝和山刺番荔枝只有下表皮才具有棒状毛,其气孔形状近似圆形,孔口略内陷于表皮层,牛心番荔枝表面角质呈不规则波状突起,气孔细长稍突。由于这些不同的叶表面微形态是长期受各物种原产地的气候、环境条件影响所形成的,因此研究番荔枝品种的叶表面微形态结构,对正确引种和推广番荔枝果树种植有着重要的意义。Observation and comparison were made of the leaf surface micro-configurations （cutin, waxiness, epidermal hair, stoma） of 9 custard apple species with scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the leaf surface micro-configurations were quite different among the 9 species. Both of the upper and lower leaf surfaces had single filaceous hairs and the stomas were distributed only in the lower leaf surface in the 3 species of A. cherimola, A. aternoya and A. purpurea. No epidermal hair was observed on all the leaf surfaces in the 3 species of Annona Spuamosa, A. glabra L. and A. scleroderma. The epidermal cutin on both the upper and lower leaf surfaces was protuberant irregularly like islands in the 4 species of A. cherimola, A. atemoya, A. squamosa and A. scleroderma whereas the epidermal cutin was flat and the shape of the cutin membrane was not quite clear in the 2 species of A. glabra and A. purpurea. All the leaf surfaces of the above-mentioned 6 species were covered with dense and thick needle-crystal wax. The stomas had subsidiary cells only in A. glabra. The stomas had only defensive cells but no subsidiary cells in the other species. The leaf epidermal hair was short-bar-like in the 3 species of A. muricata, A montana and A. reticulata, and the epidermal cutin cells were protuberant like breasts or waves. The top of the bar-like hair was obtusely round in A montana, but spiculate in A. mur/cata and A. reti/culate. There were bar-like hairs only in the lower leaf epidermis in A. muricata and A montana, and the shape of the stomas was almost round, the mouth of the stomas sank slightly inside the epidermis. The epidermal cutin was protuberant irregularly like waves in A. reticulata, and the stomas were gracile and protuberant. The different leaf surface micro-configurations were formed under the long influence of climate and environment of the original places of the species. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the leaf surface micro-configuration of different custard apple species fo

关 键 词：番荔枝属 品种 叶表皮 微形态 扫描电镜观察 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]