青花菜花粉母细胞减数分裂及雄配子体发育  

Pollen Mother Cell Mitosis and Male Gametophyte Development in Brassica oleracea L.var.italica Plenck

作　　者：万双粉[1] 张蜀宁[1] 张杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2006年第5期970-975,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划资助项目(2003AA207120)

摘　　要：采用染色体制片及爱氏苏木精染色-冬青油透明技术对青花菜花粉母细胞减数分裂及雄配子体发育过程进行了细胞学研究.结果表明:花粉母细胞减数分裂的细胞质分裂为同时型,四分体为正四面体型或十字交叉型;中期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ,少数细胞可见赤道板外染色体;后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ部分细胞出现染色体桥及落后染色体;四分体时期可观察到二分体、三分体及含微核的异常四分体.雄配子体发育过程包括2次有丝分裂,成熟花粉为3细胞型,具3个萌发孔.减数分裂过程中染色体行为异常的花粉母细胞约占10.28%;雄配子体发育过程中异常频率约为3.2%,败育主要发生在单核期.Chromosome sectioning and Ehrlich＇s hematoxylin staining-methyl salicylate clearing technique were adopted to examine the mitosis process of pollen mother cells and the development of the male gametophytes from the cytological angle. The results indicated that the pollen mother cells carried on their meiosis and cytokinesis simultaneously and their tetrads were tetrahedral or decussate types ;at metaphases Ⅰ and Ⅱ there showed a small number of chromosomes scattered outside their equatorial plate;at anaphases Ⅰ and Ⅱthere appeared chromosome bridges and lagged chromosomes in some pollen mother cells and at tetrad stage,dyads,triads and abnormal tetrad with micronuclei are visible. During the development of the male gametophytes, mitosis took place two times and the mature pollens were three-cell ones with three apertures. In meiosis,the pollen mother cells that abnormally acted made up about 10. 28% and the male gametophytes abnormally acted at a frequency of 3.2% and mainly aborted at uninucleate stage.

关 键 词：青花菜 花粉母细胞 减数分裂 雄配子体发育 

分 类 号：Q343.24[生物学—遗传学] Q949.748.3