新疆哈密盆地初冬鹅喉羚的地理分布与种群数量  

Study on the geography distribution and population of Gazella subgutturosa in the Hami Basin,Xinjiang in early winter

作　　者：高行宜[1] 姚军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2006年第2期213-218,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中科院知识创新重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-343);中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所所长基金资助项目

摘　　要：2004年11月2日至25日,采用截线抽样法,对新疆哈密盆地鹅喉羚的地理分布和种群数量进行了考察。结果证实:鹅喉羚广泛分布于哈密盆地及其周边各类地理环境中,并可分为高、中、低三级密度区,各密度区的栖息密度和种群数量分别为,3.33±0.24头/km2和12 431±896头,0.95±0.055头/km2和21 651±1254头,0.056±0.042头/km2和3 026±2 270头,资源总量为37 108±4 420头。并讨论了过牧对草场的破坏和鹅喉羚生存面临的环境压力,提出了改良家畜饲养模式,以草定畜,恢复天然植被,在高密度区和中等密度区计划猎取鹅喉羚,控制种群数量,合理利用的建议。Located in east Xinjiang, the Hami Basin and its peripheral regions are selected as the study area （40° 43′--43°27′N, 91°08′--96°23′E, 300-2000 m a. s. l. ）, they include the Harni Basin, piedmont desert in the southern slope of the east Tianshan Mountains, hilly region in the eastern part of the basin and Gashun Gobi Desert, and the total area is 8. 0559 × 104 km^2. In the study area it belongs to the extreme continental arid climate, it is hot in summer but cold in winter, and the annual temperature and precipitation vary in ranges of 9.8℃ -- 11.4℃ and 34 - 39.7 mm respectively. In this paper, the line transect sampling method is used to investigate the geography distribution and population of Gazella subgutturosa in the Hami Basin, Xinjiang during the period from 2 to 25 November, 2004. It is verified that Gazella subgutturosa inhabit extensively in all the geographical environments in the Hami Basin and its peripheral regions. The habitats of Gazella subgutturosa can be divided into three grades, i. e., the high - , mid - and low - density areas. The inhabiting densities and populations of Gazella subgutturosa in these habitats were 3.33 ± 0.24/km^2 and 12431 ± 896, 0.95 ± 0. 055/ km^2 and 21651 ± 1254, 0. 056 ± 0. 042/km^2 and 3026 ± 2270 respectively. Total resources quantity of Gazella subgutturosa in the Hami Basin was 37108 ± 4420. The survival pressure of Gazella subgutturosa and the steppe degeneration caused by domestic animal overgrazing are discussed. It is suggested to improve the raising mode of domestic animals, limit the quantity of domestic animals based on the actual situation of steppes, regenerate the natural vegetations, hunt Gazella subgutturosa in a planned way in the high- density and mid- density areas so as to control the population size.

关 键 词：鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa) 地理分布 栖息密度 种群数量 新疆 哈密盆地 

分 类 号：S862[农业科学—野生动物驯养]