黑土长期施肥及养分循环再利用的作物产量及土壤肥力变化Ⅳ.有机碳组分的变化  

Changes of crop yield and soil fertility under long-term fertilization and nutrients-recycling and reutilization on a black soil:Ⅳ.Soil organic carbon and its fractions

作　　者：赵丽娟[1] 韩晓增[1] 王守宇[1] 刘鸿翔[1] 李海波[1] 苗淑杰[1] 王风[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2006年第5期817-821,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2005CB121101;2003CCB001);中国科学院台站基金资助项目(KZCX2)

摘　　要：应用长期定位试验研究了中国东北黑土长期施肥及养分再循环的土壤有机碳组分的变化．20年间变化趋势如下：不施肥处理黑土总有机碳（TOC）含量下降了7．83％；施用化肥N和NP处理，黑土TOC含量分别下降了4．56％和1．61％，NPK处理上升了0．33％．单一的循环处理下降了5．56％；N＋循环、NP＋循环和NPK＋循环分别提高了0．35％、1．05％和0．64％．证明了无肥、单纯的氮、磷化肥和原始的有机农业循环方式不能保持黑土TOC，呈下降趋势；合理施用化肥和化肥加有机肥模式能保持黑土TOC稳定或略有增加．黑土易氧化有机碳含量（ROE）表现为施肥高于无肥，其增加幅度为8．64％～28．4％，循环加化肥处理ROE均高于对应的化肥处理，与秸秆产量关系Y=19032X-7950．6（R^2=0．759），与TOC关系Y=14．192X＋23．9（R^2=0．802）．轻组有机碳（LF-C）变化与ROE趋势相同．黑土非活性有机碳库胡敏酸和富里酸无论在何种施肥方式下均呈下降趋势或在一定范围内上下波动，与试验前土壤相比，胡敏酸下降幅度在1．64％～26．23％之间；富里酸下降幅度在2．33％～28．68％之间，化肥配施循环猪圈肥能够减缓二者的下降谏度甚至能够稍有增加．A long-term experiment was conducted on a black soil of Northeast China to study the effects of applying chemical fertilizers and recycled organic manure （ROM） on the changes of soil organic carbon and its fractions. The results showed that from 1985 to 2004, soil total organic carbon （TOC） decreased by 7.83% in control, 4.56% in N application, 1.61% in N ＋ P application, and 5.56% in ROM application, but increased by 0.33% in N ＋ P ＋ K application. Comparing with single application of ROM, its application with chemical fertilizers, i. e. , N ＋ ROM, N ＋ P ＋ ROM, and N ＋ P ＋ K ＋ ROM, increased the TOC concentration by 0.35%, 1.05% and 0.64%, respectively. The readily oxidized carbon （ROC） in fertilization treatments was increased by 8.64%～28.4%, and the increment was higher in treatments of chemical fertilizers plus ROM than in treatments of chemical fertilizers. The ROC was significantly correlated with soil TOC （Y = 14.192X ＋ 23.9, R^2 = 0.802） and stalk yields （Y = 19032X - 7950.6, R^2 = 0.759）. Light fraction organic carbon （LF-C） had the same trends with ROC. After 20 years fertilization, the organic carbon in soil humic acid and fulvic acid was decreased by 1.64%～26.23% and 2.33%～28.68%, respectively, but in treatments of chemical fertilizers plus ROM, the decreasing trend was slowed down.

关 键 词：黑土 养分循环 有机碳 组分 变化 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]