武昌青山窑古瓷制作工艺的科学总结  

SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE OF ANCIENT WUCHANG QINGSHAN WARES

作　　者：陈尧成[1] 郭演仪[1] 田海峰[2] 陈文学[2] 贺中香 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 [2]湖北省文物考古研究所

出　　处：《中国陶瓷》1996年第3期41-45,共5页China Ceramics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目;No:59172105

摘　　要：地处长江中游的湖北,在历史上还没有发掘过瓷窑,在中国古陶瓷的考古和科技史上一直是空白点,直到1989年才在武昌青山窑揭开了一个一千多年前的瓷器生产地.本文对新发现的青山窑五代至北宋白瓷、影青和青瓷样品作了系统的科学研究,从而发现:(1)青山窑瓷器样品胎的化学组成是以高硅(69.7～75.3%)、高钾(2.8～4.5%)和低铝(18.8～22.1%)为特征,这与北方的高铝质瓷胎有明显区别,其组成属南方瓷胎系统.青山窑白瓷是由精选的细白泥配制,选稍白的细胎泥制影青瓷,而青瓷胎是由不加挑选的胎泥制作.(2)青山窑瓷釉组成的SiO_2/Al_2O_3比(4.08～4.85)比较接近,主要差异是氧化钙的加入量.影青、青瓷样品和五代白瓷的釉属钙质釉,而北宋白瓷釉属钙碱釉.青山窑瓷釉是由釉土加石灰和草木灰配制而成.(3)青山窑白瓷、影青和青瓷都是在龙窑中由匣钵、垫饼和支柱作窑具,一匣一器烧制而成.其中白瓷烧成温度为1251～1291℃,胎致密,气孔率低(0.3～08%),烧成质量属样品中最好;影青瓷烧成温度为1240～1250℃,胎致密,烧成质量居中;青瓷烧成温度为1230～1280℃,烧成质量不及白瓷和影青瓷.The ancient porcelain kilns have not been excavated in the past in Hubei Province of the middle reaches of the Yangtse River. Until 1989,a Wuchang porcelain kiln site was excavated at Qingshan village. There are whit-e,Yingqing and green glazed wares.The dating of this kiln site was in the period from Five Dynasties to Northern Song. The production technique of these samples was investigated. It was found that (1) The composition characteristics of the body of Qingshan wares are high in SiO2(69. 7-75. 3%) and K2O (2. 8-4. 5%) contents and low of Al2O3 content (18. 8-22. 1%). The body compositions belong to Southern Porcelain system. The white porcelain bodies were made with refined high quality clay,and Yingqing bodies were made with medium quality fine clay,but the green glazed bodies were made with common low quality clay. (2) The SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (4. 08-4. 85) of glazes of these samples are very near. The main difference of these glaze compositions is in CaO content.The glaze of white wares in Northern Song belong to Ca-Alkali glaze,but other glazes belong to calcium glaze. The glazes of samples were made by mixing clay with high SiO2/Al2O2,lime and woodash. (3) Qingshan wares were fired in the long kiln with wood and sagger. The white,Yingqing and green glazed wares were fired in the temperature ranges of 1251-1291;1240-1250 and 1230-1280℃ respectively

关 键 词：青山窑 古瓷 工艺 陶瓷 瓷器 

分 类 号：TQ174.72[化学工程—陶瓷工业]