0～6岁听力损失儿童的发现年龄及发现途径  

Analysis of the found age and way for children age 0 to 6 with hearing loss

作　　者：黄丽辉[1] 韩德民[1] 张蕾[1] 郭连生[1] 刘莎[1] 唐小青[1] 刘辉[1] 卞迁[1] 蔡正华[1] 亓贝尔[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,100005

出　　处：《中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2006年第5期331-334,共4页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2003033202);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30100207);首都医学发展基金资助项目(首都ZD199906)

摘　　要：目的探讨0—6岁听力损失患儿的发现年龄、发现途径及其听力特点。方法自制调查问卷表，随机对在北京同仁医院就诊的265例双侧听力损失患儿的一般情况、发现年龄、发现途径和听力损失程度等进行问卷调查，并对其听力进行确认，相关数据作了统计学分析。结果265例听力损失患儿的平均（-↑x±s，下同）发现年龄（23．21±10．02）个月，平均首诊年龄（28．01±13．41）个月；从性别和地区分析，女孩的平均发现年龄（27．11±13．13）个月，较男孩的（21．03±12．32）个月晚约6．1个月（t=2．421，P〈0．05），农村地区听力损失患儿的平均发现年龄为（28．27±11．09）个月，较城市听力损失患儿的（19．52±13．05）个月晚8．65个月（t=-3．675，P〉0．05）。从发现途径分析，通过言语发育异常被发现的听力损失患儿较其他途径的发现年龄晚（P〉0．05）；从听力损失程度分析，听力损失程度轻度和中度比极重度者发现年龄晚（P〈0．05）。结论普通耳科门诊就诊听力损失患儿的平均发现年龄和首诊年龄都比较晚，特别是农村地区及听力损失程度轻者尤为突出。因此，推行新生儿及婴幼儿听力损失的早期筛查和干预，加强耳聋知识的宣传，提高家长的防聋治聋意识，是非常有必要的。Objective To investigate the children with hearing loss from the age 0 to 6, and discuss the found age, found way and audiological characteristics. Methods General information of found age and found way of 265 children, were investigated with self-made questionnaire and routine audiological evaluations, and then made statistical analysis. Results The average （-↑x±s） found age for the children with hearing loss was （23.21 ± 10. 02）months, and the first average coming age was （28.01 ± 13.41 ） months. The found age of girls[ （27.11 ± 13.13）months] was 6. 1 months later than the boys＇[ （21.03 ± 12. 32）months] and the countryside children [ （28.27 ± 11.09）months] later than the city＇s[ （19.52 ± 13.05） months] 8. 65 months in the average found age. The found age of children who were found with speech disability was later than others. As the heating loss degree of children went milder, the found age might later. Conclusions The popularization of knowledge in preventing from heating loss must be strengthened. It is also necessary to popularize newborn hearing screening and early intervention while to enhance the parents＇ consciousness.

关 键 词：听力损失患儿 发现年龄 发现途径 调查 统计 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]