生物活性炭流化床净化采油废水的效能及特性  

Efficiency and Characteristic of Biological Activated Carbon Fluidized Bed for Oil-Field Wastewater Treatment

作　　者：李安婕[1] 刘红[2] 王文燕[1] 全向春[1] 张丹[1] 李宗良[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院 [2]北京航空航天大学环境工程系,北京100083

出　　处：《环境科学》2006年第5期918-923,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家'十五'科技攻关计划项目(2002DFBA0009)

摘　　要：为了解决采油废水生化处理难度大、处理效率低等问题，采用颗粒活性炭为载体的内循环流化床反应器工艺在好氧条件下净化采油废水，利用果壳粒状活性炭为载体，投配率为15％时效果较好；最优化水力停留时间为5h，借助有机物的表征参数COD、UV254、UV410、有机酸以及GC／MS分析方法对该工艺净化采油废水中的有机物的能力进行了研究，结果表明，COD去除率在25％～45％之间波动，UV254、UV410和有机酸的平均去除率分别为85．9％、73．6％和51．5％，含油量去除率可达100％，但很难去除长链烷烃．研究还发现，由于采油废水中含有某些高浓度的无机离子，如Ca^2＋、Cl^-，占据了活性炭吸附活性中心，从而对活性炭吸附和降解有机物的性能产生不利影响；采油废水温度较高也是影响生物活性炭处理效果的一个因素．In order to find method to improve biodegradation of oil field wastewater, the biological activated carbon fluidized bed （BAC-FB） process for oil-field wastewater treatment in aerobic condition is studied. The results show that the process demonstrated highest removal rate with hull activated carbon （AC） as carrier and carrier concentration of 15 %. The optimized HRT of the process is 5h. COD, UV254, UV410, organic acid and organic compounds （GC/MS） were detected as the index to indicate the efficiency of oil-field wastewater treatment by this process. The results show that the removal rate of COD range from 25 % to 45 %. The average removal rate of UV254, UV410, organic acid is 85.9%, 73.6%, 51.5% respectively. The removal rate of oil content is almost 100%. However, alkane is difficult to remove from wastewater. Furthermore, high concentration inorganic materials such as calcium, chlorine were found to accumulate on activated carbon during treatment process, which is harm to adsorption and biodegradation of organic compound. High temperature of oil field wastewater is also one of factors to inhibit adsorption and biodegradation of organic compound.

关 键 词：采油废水 生物活性炭 流化床 活性炭 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]