钾肥对棉花产量的影响及最佳施用量研究  

Effects of Potassium on Yield of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Optimal Quantity of Potassium in Huanghuaihai Plain,China

作　　者：范希峰[1] 王汉霞[2] 田晓莉[1] 段留生[1] 王保民[1] 何钟佩[1] 李召虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [2]山东莱阳农学院,莱阳265200

出　　处：《棉花学报》2006年第3期175-179,共5页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30100111)

摘　　要：为了明确钾肥对黄淮海地区抗虫棉和常规棉的产量及其构成因素的影响以及该地区的最佳钾肥施用量，在山东省夏津县、河北省吴桥县进行了大田试验。结果表明，钾肥可以显著提高棉花产量，吴桥和夏津的增产幅度分别达到20．4％、6．4％；钾肥主要增加上部（≥10）果枝和外围节位（≥3节位）的成铃数和铃重；转基因抗虫棉品种和常规品种对钾肥的反应在本试验条件下没有显著差异。当土壤速效钾含量为100～130mg·kg^-1时，黄淮海地区棉田比较适宜的氯化钾施用量为150kg·hm^-2左右。Recently, premature senescence caused by potassium deficiency has become an important problem in cotton production throughout the Huanghuaihai Plain, China. Therefore, field experiments were conducted in Wuqiao, Hebei Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province in 2004. These were carried out to investigate the effects of K fertilizers on yield and yield components of transgenic insectresistant cotton and conventional cotton. The content of exchangeable potassium in the soil of Wuqiao and Xiajin were 100 and 130 mg . kg^-1 , respectively. The varieties of transgenic insect-resistant cotton used in Wuqiao included DP99B, Jimian668, CCRI 41 and Handan284, in Xiajin included DP99B, Jimian668, Lumianyan21 and Lumianyan22. The varieties of conventional cotton used at the two sites were all CCRI 12 and CCRI 35. By applying 600 kg . hm^-2 KC1 before sowing, the results showed that seed cotton yield averaged across all varieties was increased 20.4% and 6.4% in Wuqiao site and Xiajin site respectively. The number and weight of bolls located in the top sympodial branches （≥10） and the outer nodes （≥3） were enhanced by potassium fertilizer more greatly than those located in the bottom （1-5） and medium （6-10） sympodial branches and inner nodes （1-2）. it＇s noteworthy that there weren＇t any significant differences between transgenic insect resistant cotton varieties and conventional cotton varieties in their sensitivity to potassium fertilizer under conditions of this research. Because the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil of the two sites exceeded 90 mg . kg^-1 , the lowest value of potassium supply normally in general soil, there was a need to study further the sensitivity to potassium fertilizer of transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties under potassium deficiency conditions. Furthermore, this research screened the optimal quantity of potassium fertilizer in Huanghuaihai Plain, and found that applying 150 kg . hm^-2 KC1 could get a great benefit while the exchangeable potassium in soi

关 键 词：棉花 转基因抗虫棉 钾肥 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]