几种中国野生菊的染色体组分析及亲缘关系初步研究  

Genome Analysis and Their Phylogenetic Relationships of Several Wild Species of Dendranthema in China

作　　者：陈发棣[1] 陈佩度[2] 李鸿渐[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺系,210095 [2]南京农业大学农学系细胞遗传研究室

出　　处：《园艺学报》1996年第1期67-72,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

摘　　要：通过对不同倍性的几种中国野生菊之间杂种F1减数分裂期染色体的配对分析,对它们的亲缘关系和演化过程进行了研究。观察到甘菊(Dendranthema lavandulifolium)和菊花脑(D.nankingense)是两个亲缘关系较近、但已发生了某种程度分化的二倍体;南京野菊(D.indicum)和尖叶野菊(D.indicum var.acutum)是含有相同染色体组的异源四倍体,毛华菊(D.sestitum)为异源六倍体,它们在减数分裂中期Ⅰ,染色体均能较好地配成二价体构型。尖叶野菊(4x)与菊花脑(2x)、南京野菊(4x)与毛华菊(6x)的F1,染色体配对构型分别接近于9Ⅰ+9Ⅱ和9Ⅰ+18Ⅱ,表明菊花脑或其近缘种是尖叶野菊染色体组之一的供体,南京野菊或其近缘种是毛华菊两个染色体组的供体。本文还对这几种菊属植物的演化过程进行了讨论。Interspecific hybrids among Dendranthema lavandulifolium ( 2x) , D. nankingense ( 2x) , D. indicum ( 4x) , D. indicum var. acutum ( 4x) , and D. vestitum ( 6x) were obtained. Meiotic analysis were conducted on all these hybrids and their parents. The results showed that D. lavandidifolium and D. nankingense had a probable closer relationship with chromosomes differentiation to some extent. D. indicum and D. indicum var. acutum were allotetraploids with the same genomes, and D. vestitum was a allohexaploid. In MI of all the obove three polyploid species, chromosomes can well paired as bivalents. Chrmosome associations per PMC of the hybrids F1 of D. indicum var. acutum ( 4x) × D. nankingense ( 2x) and D. indicum ( 4x)× D. vestitum ( 6x) or D. vestitum (6x) × D. indicum ( 4x) were close to 9Ⅰ +9Ⅱ and 9Ⅰ +18Ⅱ respectively. These results suggested that D. nankingense or some of its relatives was the donor of one genome of D. indicum var. acutum, and D. indicum or some of its relatives was the provider of two genomes of D. vestitum. Phylogenesis of these species in Dendranthema was also discussed.

关 键 词：菊属 种间杂交 染色体组 系统演化 菊花 

分 类 号：Q949.783.5[生物学—植物学] S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]