明清之际的历史选择  

Historical Choices between the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：陈生玺[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300071

出　　处：《文史哲》2006年第3期132-137,共6页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：在三方角逐的明清之际,政治格局的演变呈现出多种可能性并存的多元化走向,明王朝、李自成和关外的清军,都具备成为胜利者的历史机遇。历史最终以满清定鼎中原而尘埃落定,明朝和李自成多次错误的主动的历史选择,发挥了相当的关键性作用。清军原先是愿意和明朝议和的,但崇祯却错失了这个机会。在李自成向北京进军时,崇祯在调吴三桂援京或者南迁问题上又再失时机。李自成进入北京后若与清方谈判或者固守北京,也很可能取得胜利。历史发展的规律性,归根到底要通过主观能动性的正确选择方能得以具体体现,这就是明清之际历史给我们的启示。In the intersectant period between the Ming and Qing dynasties under the contest among three powers, the transformation in political pattern took on the plural trend. The Ming dynasty, Li Zicheng and the Qing army outside the Pass all once held the historical opportunity to be the winner. The condition finally settled down with the Qing dynasty taking power, and the several mistaken choices by the Ming dynasty and Li Zicheng had functioned comparatively critical effect. The Qing dynasty had been willing to negotiating with the Ming dynasty originally, but Emperor Chongzhen missed this chance. When Li Zicheng marched into Beijing, the Emperor again let slip the opportunity because of the judgment on transferring Wu Sangui to support the capital or Southward migration. After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he had possibly won once negotiating with the Qing power or tenaciously defending the city. The law of historical development, in the final analysis, can only be realized through the correct choice of the subject, and that is the inspiration given by the history between the Ming and Qing dynasties.

关 键 词：明清之际 李自成 历史选择 政治格局 多元化 崇祯 吴三桂 

分 类 号：K248.3[历史地理—历史学]