烧碱处理法从粗竹纤维中提取天然竹纤维  

Extracting Natural Bamboo Fibers from Crude Bamboo Fibers by Caustic Treatment

作　　者：徐伟[1] 唐人成[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学材料工程学院,江苏苏州215021

出　　处：《生物质化学工程》2006年第3期1-5,共5页Biomass Chemical Engineering

摘　　要：采用烧碱处理法从粗竹纤维中提取天然竹纤维,通过失重率的测定和扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱、广角X射线衍射等分析方法,研究了烧碱浓度和处理温度对脱胶去杂程度和竹纤维结构的影响。研究结果表明:在30和90℃温度下,脱胶去杂效果较差,竹纤维不易分离;在100、110、120℃,尤其是在110和120℃时,粗竹纤维的失重率高,脱胶去杂效果好,竹纤维易于分离。高温和高碱质量浓度有利于促进半纤维素和木质素等杂质的溶解,但110和120℃时,当烧碱质量浓度超过45 g/L,极易引起纤维素的降解。在试验条件下,处理得到的竹纤维为纤维素Ⅰ。竹纤维的提取适宜在高温高压和低烧碱质量浓度下进行,竹纤维得率约为81.8%。Caustic soda solution was utilized to treat and purify crude bamboo fibers. The effects of caustic soda concentration and temperature on the removal of impurities and the micro-structure properties of extracted bamboo fibers were investigated by the de- termination of weight loss and the analysis of SEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis and WAXD. Bamboo cellulosic fibers were not well separated due to the insufficient removal of impurities at 30℃ and 90℃. However, when crude bamboo fibers were treated at 100℃, 110℃ and 120℃ （esp. 110℃ and 120℃ ）, the weight loss was high, the impurities could be adequately removed, so bamboo cellulosic fibers were easily separated out. High temperature and high caustic soda concentration promoted the dissolve of hemicellulose and lignin, but cellulose was easily degraded when caustic soda concentration was over 45 g/L at 110℃ and 120℃. In the present condition, extracted bamboo fibers belonged to cellulose I. It was concluded that the extraction of bamboo cellulosic fibers should be appropriately performed at the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and low caustic soda concentration, which yielded about 81.8% bamboo fibers.

关 键 词：天然竹纤维 提取 脱胶 结构 

分 类 号：TQ352[化学工程]