栎林凋落层土壤动物群落结构及其在凋落物分解中的变化  

Structure of Soil Animal Community of Oakery Litter and Fluctuation during Leaf Litter Decomposition

作　　者：林英华[1] 杨德付[2] 张夫道[3] 王建修 白秀兰[1] 王兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心,北京102300 [3]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京100081 [4]重庆市开县林业局,重庆开县405400

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2006年第3期331-336,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：山东科技部社会公益研究专项资金资助项目(编号2000-177)

摘　　要：2002年4月～2002年10月，采用凋落袋法（5、1、1／300mm）对北京九龙山栎树（Quercus liaotungensis）纯林和混交林（辽东栎：油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）=2：1）凋落层土壤动物群落特征及在凋落叶分解过程中动态变化进行研究。在两种林型98只分解袋中，共采集到土壤动物3564只，隶属3门10纲19目，其中膜翅目（Hymenoptera）、啮虫目（Psocoptera）、双翅目（Diptera）、弹尾目（Collembola）和蜱螨目（Acariformes）为优势类群。土壤动物以杂食性为主。混交林中小型土壤动物个体数量和类群数均大于栎树纯林，而大型土壤动物个体数量类群数均低于栎树纯林，两种林型土壤动物类群数和个体数在α=0．05差异不显著。3种凋落物袋中，栎树纯林土壤动物总类群数和个体总数均为1mm〉5film〉1／300mm；混交林土壤动物个体数1mm〉5mm〉1／300mm，类群数则5mm〉1mm〉1／300mm，并在8或9月达最大值。土壤动物多样性指数随时间推移呈增长趋势，土壤动物群落异质性较高。土壤动物优势类群与凋落物分解残存量之间的相关性不显著（rs〈0．786，P〉0．05）。蜱螨目在栎树纯林凋落物中集聚的时问最长，啮虫目集聚的时问最短，分别为10．33和8．53个月；膜翅目在栎树混交林凋落物中集聚的时问最长，双翅目集聚的时间最短，分别为9．95和8．13个月。The soil animal community and its fluctuation during leaf litter decomposition was investigated with litterbag （5mm, 1mm and 1/300 mm） method （from Apri. to Oct. , 2002） in oakery（ Quercus liaotungensis）forest and in mixed forest （oakery： pine（ Pinus tabulaeforrnis） = 2：1 ）at Jiulongshan, Beijing. 3564 individuals were collected from 98 litterbags, belonging to 3 Phyla, 10 Classes, 19 Orders. Most of the dominant taxa were Hymenoptera, Psocoptera, Diptera, Collembola and Acariformes. Most were omnivores in the forest litter. The number of individual and group of meso- and microfauna in mixed forest were more than that in the oakery, while the macrofauna were less than that in the oakery, the numberof individual and group were not significant at α=0. 05 to two type forests. In the three kind of litterbags, the amount of the soil animal individual and group were in the order of 5 mm 〉 1 mm 〉 1/300 mm in pure oakery forest, while the amount of soil animal individual was 1 mm 〉5 mm 〉 1/300 mm, and the group was 5 mm 〉 1 mm 〉 1/300 mm in mixed forest, and the amount of group reached the peak at Aug. or Sept. The diversity of the soil animal group was trending to increase; Soil animal community was more heterogeneous in different forest. The dominant taxa showed that they were not significant in correlated to the mass loss of the litter（ r 〈 0. 786, p 〉 0.05 ）. The colonized duration of Acariformes and Psoeoptera were 10.33 and 8.53 months at oakery, respectively , while that of Hymenoptera and Diptera were 9.48 and 7.91 months respectively in mixed forest.

关 键 词：土壤动物群落 栎林 集聚 凋落物分解 北京九龙山 

分 类 号：S792.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]