29种天然植物提取物对指环虫杀灭作用的研究  

Study on the Killing of the 29 Species of Plants Extraction to the Dactylogyrus

作　　者：王高学[1] 徐钰[1] 王建华[1] 申烨华[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北大学化学系,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2006年第3期3-8,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2002B08)

摘　　要：利用金鱼、鲢、鲤、草鱼、欧洲鳗鲡所寄生的坏鳃指环虫、中型指环虫、鲢指环虫、伸展指环虫、拟指环虫为材料，建立以金鱼为寄主、中型指环虫为指示虫的杀虫药物筛选动物模型，使寄生感染率达100％。利用该模型对29种天然植物提取物进行杀虫活性筛选。结果表明：银杏外种皮、博落回、小果博落同、鸦胆子、云南罩楼、杠柳、槟榔、陈皮最高杀虫率在48h内均达70％以上，且对鱼安全性较高；刺五加、细柱五加、商陆、乌头、松针、藁本、青蒿、辣蓼、苦参对指环虫有一定的杀灭作用，杀虫率在20％～40％之间；荆芥、山奈、葫芦巴、篇蓄、芫花、马钱子、肉豆蔻、马兜铃、直立百部、千年健、常山、北乌头在实验浓度内对指环虫没有明显的杀灭作用。其中，银杏外种皮、博落回、小果博落回杀灭活性最强，使用浓度较低，该实验条件下杀灭率100％；鸦胆子、槟榔对鱼最为安全，但杀虫浓度较高。Using the Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, European eel and D. vastator, D. intermedius, D. hypophthalmichthys, D. extensor, Pseudodactylogyrus as the experimental material to found the animal model which take the Carassius auratus as the host and the Dactylogyrus as the indicator parasites to select the parasites killing medicine, the rate of infection was 100%. Using the model to select the active extracts of the 29 species of natural plants. The results showed that the rate of parasites killing of extracts of testa of Ginkgo biloba, Macleaya cordata, Macleaya microcarpa （ Maxim. ） , Brncea jaranica, Paris polyphlla Smith var. Yunnanensis, Periploca sepium, Areca catechu, Citrics reticulate were above 70% in 48 h, and they are very safe to the fish ; the Acanthopanax sentiscosus, Acanthopanax gracilistylus, Phytolacca acinosa, Aconitum carmichaeli, Pineedles, Ligusticum sinense, Arternisia annua, Polygonum hydropiper, Sophoraflavescens were between 20% and 40% ; the other 12 species of natural plants had no significant activities to the Dactylogyrus in experimental concentration. The rate of parasites killing of extracts of testa of Ginkgo biloba, Macleaya cordata, Macleaya microcarpa（ Maxim. ） was 100%. The Brucea jaranica and Areca catechu had the highest safty coefficient, but the concentration of parasites killing were fairly high.

关 键 词：植物提取物 指环虫 杀虫活性 动物模型 

分 类 号：S941.5[农业科学—水产养殖] S947.13[农业科学—水产科学]